Towards highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction: Cell designs, membranes and electrocatalysts

Tufa, Ramato Ashu; Chanda, Debabrata; Ma, Ming; Aili, David; Demissie, Taye B.; Vaes, Jan; Li, Qingfeng; Liu, Shanhu; Pant, Deepak

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115557

Cited by 134 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 414 publications

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“…Fumapem F‐950 membrane is a long‐side‐chain per fluorinated sulfonic acid (LSC‐PFSA) cation exchange membrane (CEM) with low resistance, high mechanical stability, selectivity and chemical stability. Both Fumapem F‐950 and Nafion™ 211 have been tested in various small‐scale reactors for CO 2 electroreduction 23,31 . Nafion™ 211 and Fumapem F‐950 are dimensionally thin membranes with thickness 25.4 and 50 μm, respectively and, considering the flat plate design of the current reactor, difficulties were experienced in keeping these membranes mechanically stable and in place.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in scale‐up of electrochemical CO₂ reduction to formate integrated with product extraction using electrodialysis

Kaur

Kim

Dinsdale

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND The concept of carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion to formate has attracted increasing interest in recent years and various small‐scale studies are present in the literature. However, upscaling of electrochemical CO2 reduction comes with many challenges and there are very few reports available on it. In this study, we present a scalable three‐chamber reactor system for electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate, a precursor suitable for the production of fuels, pharmaceuticals and fertilizers and its extraction as pure formic acid by electrodialysis. RESULTS The reactor produced 11.7 g L–1 formic acid in 6 h, i.e. 1.95 g L–1 h–1 at −1.8 V applied potential, 5 mol L–1 KOH as an electrolyte, GDE (gas diffusion electrode) cathode with SnO2 catalyst and Nafion™ 200 membrane. The maximum Faradaic efficiency achieved was 38%. In addition, recovery of the formate is equally important as its production for use as feedstock to form chemicals. We therefore also investigated the extraction of formic acid through conventional electrodialysis (CED) and bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). The formic acid was extracted with 88% recovery using CED and 46% with BMED. Furthermore, BMED resulted in recovery of >95% K+ as base and 12 L pure CO2 for possible recycling to the electrochemical cell. CONCLUSION We consider this study to provide essential empirical evidence on factors influencing the scale‐up and subsequent performance of a liquid electrolyte‐based electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) system to formate and its extraction at scale. However, optimized systems and operating strategies still need further investigation, and constituent materials, particularly in terms of membranes and cathode catalyst, need to be developed. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in scale‐up of electrochemical CO₂ reduction to formate integrated with product extraction using electrodialysis

Kaur

Kim

Dinsdale

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…But for practical use, there is still some distance from the state‐of‐the‐art level to the target level. For practical applications, the selectivity of products should at nearly 90% with a current density above 300 mA cm −2 and stability over 1000 hours 146 . This calls for efficient and stable electrocatalysis systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief review of electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂—Materials, reaction conditions, and devices

Pei

Zhong

Jin

2021

Energy Science & Engineering

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Global warming caused by the rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration is regarded as one of the most serious problems faced by human being. Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) is one promising strategy that can fix CO2 in a mild and clean manner combined with sustainable energies. However, the ECR performance is highly dependent on the catalysis system because of the difficulty in CO2 activation, low mass transfer, poor product selectivity, and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The binding strength of electrocatalysts toward carbon intermediates is the crucial factor for ECR performance. Furthermore, the reaction conditions and the configurations of devices are also of significance for ECR efficiencies. Here, we briefly reviewed the effects of electrocatalyst materials, as well as the reaction conditions, coupled anodic reactions, and devices on the ECR. Moreover, challenges and some perspectives for large‐scale applications are included.

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“…[ 7 ] Thus an H cell is mainly used to primarily compare the performance of different catalysts and/or screen suitable catalysts for further test. [ 48 ]…”

Section: Cell Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 27,41–45 ] Generally, cell engineering, which mainly involves the modulation of the electrode, electrolyte, and cell design, can further improve the activity and selectivity of Cu‐based catalysts for C 2+ products of CO 2 RR. [ 7,44,46–48 ] Specifically, fine‐tuning the electrode wettability can affect the local pH, triple‐phase reaction interface, and the diffusion of CO 2 . Simultaneously, the pH, anions, and cations of electrolytes could contribute to the interaction and stabilization of intermediates for C 2+ products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progresses in Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Copper‐Based Catalysts toward Multicarbon Products

Wang

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

182

116

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Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising way of effectively converting CO2 to value‐added chemicals and fuels by utilizing renewable electricity. To date, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to single‐carbon products, especially carbon monoxide and formate, has been well achieved. However, the efficient conversion of CO2 to more valuable multicarbon products (e.g., ethylene, ethanol, n‐propanol, and n‐butanol) is difficult and still under intense investigation. Here, recent progresses in the electrochemical CO2 reduction to multicarbon products using copper‐based catalysts are reviewed. First, the mechanism of CO2RR is briefly described. Then, representative approaches of catalyst engineering are introduced toward the formation of multicarbon products in CO2RR, such as composition, morphology, crystal phase, facet, defect, strain, and surface and interface. Subsequently, key aspects of cell engineering for CO2RR, including electrode, electrolyte, and cell design, are also discussed. Finally, recent advances are summarized and some personal perspectives in this research direction are provided.

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Towards highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction: Cell designs, membranes and electrocatalysts

Cited by 134 publications

References 414 publications

Challenges in scale‐up of electrochemical CO₂ reduction to formate integrated with product extraction using electrodialysis

Challenges in scale‐up of electrochemical CO₂ reduction to formate integrated with product extraction using electrodialysis

A brief review of electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂—Materials, reaction conditions, and devices

Recent Progresses in Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Copper‐Based Catalysts toward Multicarbon Products

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Towards highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction: Cell designs, membranes and electrocatalysts

Cited by 134 publications

References 414 publications

Challenges in scale‐up of electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate integrated with product extraction using electrodialysis

Challenges in scale‐up of electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate integrated with product extraction using electrodialysis

A brief review of electrocatalytic reduction of CO2—Materials, reaction conditions, and devices

Recent Progresses in Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Copper‐Based Catalysts toward Multicarbon Products

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Product

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Challenges in scale‐up of electrochemical CO₂ reduction to formate integrated with product extraction using electrodialysis

Challenges in scale‐up of electrochemical CO₂ reduction to formate integrated with product extraction using electrodialysis

A brief review of electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂—Materials, reaction conditions, and devices