Towards hybrid AC/DC microgrids: Critical analysis and classification of protection strategies

Mirsaeidi, Sohrab; Xiang, Dong; Said, Dalila Mat

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.046

Cited by 78 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Finally, Zone 3 provides protection for complete AB and BC line length and 25% of the CD line length by considering a tripping time delay of t 2 . An advance directional based element is developed in Mirsaeidi et al on the basis of the superimposed concept of current and voltage values for the determination of fault. Negative sequence and positive sequence impedance are used successfully for any unsymmetrical and symmetrical type of faults, respectively.…”

Section: Protection Strategy For Microgridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure also indicates the interlinked converter for linking AC and DC subgrids. A DC‐to‐AC converter is employed to interconnect the DC subgrid to the main AC grid …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A DCto-AC converter is employed to interconnect the DC subgrid to the main AC grid. 12 In recent times, many authors have suggested very effective modeling and design of protection schemes, considering the individual and common issues that arise due to the hybrid operation of AC/DC microgrid. Many fruitful efforts have been made by many researchers in recent days to present review articles on the protection of AC and DC microgrids individually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed generation hybrid AC/DC microgrid protection: A critical review on issues, strategies, and future directions

2020

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Summary The integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) with conventional systems emerges as an intelligent solution for providing uninterrupted and secure power even at times of high load demand. Better load management with a mature fault handling mechanism makes AC a viable option which has an efficiency of 78.24%. In contrast with less power loss and slightly better efficiency of 84.6%, DC microgrid is a reliable option in a low power environment. In order to accommodate all operating conditions and load types, a hybrid system can be designed with a theoretical efficiency of more than 90%. Bidirectional power flows, low inertia, the transition between different modes of operations are the challenges for the protection of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) microgrid systems. Power balance fluctuation, absence of zero‐crossing currents, selection of suitable grounding, and coordination between different rating devices restrict the hybrid system to achieve the said efficiency constantly. This paper reviews in detail of existing protection along with grid‐connected algorithms for both modes of operation. Finally, the limitation, major hurdles, and future course of action for a reliable, efficient, and secure hybrid grid system are figured out.

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Section: Protection Strategy For Microgridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure also indicates the interlinked converter for linking AC and DC subgrids. A DC‐to‐AC converter is employed to interconnect the DC subgrid to the main AC grid …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed generation hybrid AC/DC microgrid protection: A critical review on issues, strategies, and future directions

2020

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“…Although MG configurations can be exclusively DC, AC, or a hybrid of the two technologies, some investigations are particularly focused on AC MG. This is due to its ability to operate together with the Main Grid [4, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]. It is known that each have several advantages which in turn leaves a HMG benchmark a turning point in this investigation [18, 23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid AC/DC microgrid test system simulation: grid-connected mode

Ortiz

Orizondo

Águila

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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In this paper, a Microgrid (MG) test model based on the 14-busbar IEEE distribution system is proposed. This model can constitute an important research tool for the analysis of electrical grids in its transition to Smart Grids (SG). The benchmark is used as a base case for power flow analysis and quality variables related with SG and holds distributed resources. The proposed MG consists of DC and AC buses with different types of loads and distributed generation at two voltage levels. A complete model of this MG has been simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink environmental simulation platform. The proposed electrical system will provide a base case for other studies such as: reactive power compensation, stability and inertia analysis, reliability, demand response studies, hierarchical control, fault tolerant control, optimization and energy storage strategies.

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“…And the microgrid will be disconnected from the utility and operates independently in islanded mode when a fault outside the microgrid is detected. Once the external fault is cleared, the microgrid will be reconnected to the utility . Such operation strategy improves power system reliability by reducing the outage area downstream of the fault.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using IEC 61850 GOOSE messages in microgrid protection

Liu

Jing-min

et al. 2019

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary The conventional upstream/downstream protection coordination approach and master/slave information communication method in radial distribution network can no longer satisfy the protection requirement in a microgrid because the loads and distributed energy resources (DERs) have stochastic characteristics and the topology of a microgrid changes over time. In the proposed microgrid protection architecture, to have the intelligent protection intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) with IEC 61850 communication protocol is applied regardless of grid‐connected mode or islanded mode operation. Furthermore, real‐time generic object‐oriented substation events (GOOSE) messages and adaptive protection strategies are used. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed microgrid protection scheme are verified through the artificial faults conducted a testing microgrid built in the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER) of Taoyuan, Taiwan.

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Towards hybrid AC/DC microgrids: Critical analysis and classification of protection strategies

Cited by 78 publications

References 51 publications

Distributed generation hybrid AC/DC microgrid protection: A critical review on issues, strategies, and future directions

Distributed generation hybrid AC/DC microgrid protection: A critical review on issues, strategies, and future directions

Hybrid AC/DC microgrid test system simulation: grid-connected mode

Using IEC 61850 GOOSE messages in microgrid protection

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