Towards Improved Early Detection of Grapevine Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira Vitifoliae Fitch) Using a Risk-Based Assessment

Accounting for spatially heterogeneous conditions in local‐scale surveillance strategies: case study of the biosecurity insect pest, grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch))

“…Furthermore, accounting for spatial heterogeneity in designing surveillance strategies could significantly increase their effectiveness and reduce the associated economic and labour costs. EM38 surveys can be used to collect data that captures spatial differences in soil suitability and this can then be mapped . Surveillance strategies could then be designed using these maps to target hot spots for enhanced surveillance.…”

“…In these cases, it may be economically viable to conduct routine surveillance on suitable areas or locations, such as the properties where the host crop is grown or high‐risk areas close to known infested regions, in order to increase the likelihood of detecting a pest when it is in low abundance . In such cases, the benefits of targeted surveillance at the regional scale appear clear, but the possibility of further improving surveillance by also targeting the local scale has been limitedly explored …”

“…8 In such cases, the benefits of targeted surveillance at the regional scale appear clear, but the possibility of further improving surveillance by also targeting the local scale has been limitedly explored. 9,10 Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch); hereafter referred to as 'phylloxera') is an invasive biosecurity pest that negatively affects the grape and wine industries worldwide. 11,12 Leaf (gallicole) and root-galling (radicicole) forms of phylloxera exist with root-galling phylloxera having an increased economic impact compared with leaf-galling forms because the radicicole feeds on the roots of susceptible vines disrupting nutrient and water uptake and causing extensive root damage.…”

“…Research on root-galling phylloxera has shown that population density varies with soil physical and chemical characteristics within a field (block), which suggests that targeted surveillance for high-risk areas at this scale may be effective. 9,10,13 Phylloxera is an ideal case study for investigating targeted surveillance because it spreads slowly without human-assisted or environmental vectors, its winged form cannot establish new infestations (thereby limiting the distance of spread), it feeds on a single host genera Vitis spp. (Vitaceae), its host is perennial and is in fixed locations (i.e.…”

Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health posed by Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) in the EU territory, with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

“…Specified testing at the place of production Powell and Herbert (2005) consider the phylloxera-specific probe approach more reliable than the pathogenesis-related (PR) approach. The phylloxera-specific probe (barcoding) approach has already been validated in field conditions (Bruce et al, 2011a) but needs further testing to quantify pest presence . A limitation of specific testing is that the presence of fungi interacting with phylloxera may change the stress or defence signal produced in infested vines and therefore interfere with chemical and spectral detection methods (Powell, 2008).…”