Towards increased adoption of furnace bottom ash as sustainable building materials: Characterization, standardization, and applications

Onaizi, Ali M.; Tang, Waiching; Amran, Mugahed; Liu, Yanju; Sajjad, Umer; Alhassan, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2023.108274

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 177 publications

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“…Various waste materials have been incorporated into epoxy resins to reduce the demand for natural resources and to improve their mechanical properties. Previous studies have included fillers, such as silica fume [12], red mud [13,14], sand washing wastes [6], coal bottom ash [7,15], fly ash [12,16], blast furnace slag [17], and palm oil fuel ash [18]. In some cases, industrial waste materials exhibit distinctive properties that make them suitable for specific applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Olive Pit Powder as a Filler for Enhanced Thermal Insulation in Epoxy Mortars to Increase Sustainability in Building Construction

D’Eusanio,

Marchetti,

Pastorelli

et al. 2024

AppliedChem

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This article explores the use of olive pit powder (OPP) as a promising resource for enhancing the thermal insulation properties of epoxy mortars. A comprehensive analysis of the chemical and physical characteristics of OPP was conducted, employing analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis and emitted gas analysis (TG-MS-EGA), and proximal analysis. Experimental samples of epoxy grout were prepared by using different proportions of a conventional inorganic filler, quartz powder, and OPP within an epoxy mortar matrix. As the percentage of OPP in the formulation increased, the microstructure of the samples gradually became more porous and less compact. Consequently, there was a decrease in density with the increase in OPP content. The 28-day compressive strength decreased from 46 MPa to 12.8 MPa, respectively, in the samples containing only quartz (Sample E) and only OPP (Sample A) as a filler. Similarly, flexural strength decreased from 35.2 to 5.3 MPa. The thermal conductivity decreased from 0.3 W/mK in Sample E to 0.11 in Sample A. Therefore, increasing the %wt of OPP improved insulating properties while reducing the mechanical resistance values. This study highlights the potential of OPP as an environmentally friendly and thermally efficient filler for epoxy mortars, thereby promoting sustainable construction practices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Olive Pit Powder as a Filler for Enhanced Thermal Insulation in Epoxy Mortars to Increase Sustainability in Building Construction

D’Eusanio,

Marchetti,

Pastorelli

et al. 2024

AppliedChem

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Comparative assessment of the effects of furnace bottom ash and fly ash on mortar performance

Onaizi,

Tang

2024

E3S Web Conf.

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The increased reuse and recycling of industrial waste could significantly reduce resource footprint and greenhouse gas emissions. Furnace bottom ash (FBA) is a by-product of thermal power plants and recycling it in the construction industry could have substantial environmental and economic benefits. This study aimed to compare FBA-based mortar with that of FA as a partial substitute for cement in the production of sustainable mortar. Three mixtures with 10%, 20%, and 30% FBA were created, and their workability, compressive strength, and water absorption properties were examined. The workability of the mixtures decreased with an increase in the FBA percentage. The compressive strength of the FBA-containing mixtures was similar to the control mix at early ages, but as curing time increased, the strength of FBA-containing mortars increased considerably due to pozzolanic reactivity. Additionally, the FBA-containing mixes had lower water absorption than those containing fly ash (FA) and the control mixture. As the proportion of FBA in the mixture increased, the amount of water absorbed by the mortar cube decreased. The findings proposed that 10% is the optimal proportion of FBA to substitute cement, as it showed a comparable compressive strength to the control mixture at 7 and 28 days and surpassed the strength of the control sample by 14% after 56 days. This work is anticipated to pave the way to foster new research opportunities by enabling detailed comparisons between emerging and standardized cementitious materials. It will help minimize performance uncertainties and assist in incorporating emerging materials into those standards, enhancing their overall applicability and reliability.

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Integrated Use of Furnace Bottom Ash as Fine Aggregate and Cement Replacement for Sustainable Mortar Production

Tang,

Onaizi,

Onaizi

et al. 2024

Materials

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Recycling fly ash (FA) and furnace bottom ash (FBA) help with reducing greenhouse gas emissions, conserving natural resources, and minimizing waste accumulation. However, research on recycling FBA is progressing more slowly compared to FA. This research aims to investigate the combined use of FBA as a replacement for both fine aggregate and cement and its influence on the performance of mortar. The findings indicated that incorporating 25% FBA as a fine aggregate replacement and 10% or 20% ground FBA (GFBA) as a cement replacement significantly enhanced compressive strength after 28 and 56 days. Flexural strength was comparable to control mortar at 28 days and superior at 56 days. However, increasing the FBA content beyond 25% as a fine aggregate replacement reduced workability and increased porosity, which negatively affected mechanical performance and water absorption. Microstructural analyses revealed denser and more compact structures in the mortar with combined FBA replacement for both fine aggregate and cement, specifically 25% as a fine aggregate replacement and 10% and 20% as cement replacements. Optimal performance was noted in mixtures with Ca/Si and Ca/Al ratios within the ranges of 1.8–1.5 and 0.24–0.19, respectively. Trace element leaching analysis has not shown significant differences between GFBA, FA, and OPC. Regarding environmental impact assessment, using FBA as a fine aggregate replacement did not show a significant reduction in CO2 emissions, but replacing cement with FBA reduced emissions remarkably. Generally, using FBA as a replacement for both fine aggregate and cement in mortar enhances compressive and flexural strengths at optimal levels, promotes sustainability by reducing landfill waste and CO2 emissions, and supports cleaner production practices despite some workability challenges.

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Towards increased adoption of furnace bottom ash as sustainable building materials: Characterization, standardization, and applications

Cited by 6 publications

References 177 publications

Exploring Olive Pit Powder as a Filler for Enhanced Thermal Insulation in Epoxy Mortars to Increase Sustainability in Building Construction

Exploring Olive Pit Powder as a Filler for Enhanced Thermal Insulation in Epoxy Mortars to Increase Sustainability in Building Construction

Comparative assessment of the effects of furnace bottom ash and fly ash on mortar performance

Integrated Use of Furnace Bottom Ash as Fine Aggregate and Cement Replacement for Sustainable Mortar Production

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