Towards Interoperable Blockchains: A Survey on the Role of Smart Contracts in Blockchain Interoperability

Khan, Sajjad; Amin, Muhammad Bilal; Azar, Ahmad Taher; Aslam, Sheraz

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3106384

Cited by 54 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…As presented in other recent surveys, blockchain interoperability is still a challenge [10,11,12,79] and there are several issues that need to be solved in order to have a full trustless descentralized execution of cross-chain transactions [45]. The following subsections present some of these challenges.…”

Section: Challenges and Open Issuesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Khan et al [10] analyzed the role of smart contracts in blockchain interoperability, by proposing a taxonomy to classify how blockchain interoperability solutions use smart contracts. They classify some existing solutions and describe some challenges on blockchain interoperability: types of assets exchanged, scalability, privacy and security in cross-chain transactions and compatibility and recovery mechanism.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interoperability and system integration were not features provided by blockchain platforms original design, which limit their usage on other use cases. In the last years, some academic and industry efforts were performed in order to achieve interoperability between blockchain platforms [8,9,10,11,12], which have increased through the years [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blockchain Interoperability: a Feature-based Classification Framework and Challenges Ahead

Llambias

González

Ruggia

2023

CLEIej

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Blockchain is one of the most recent disrupting technologies. Since Bitcoin emerged as its initial application, many blockchain projects arose offering different features for general and domain specific scenarios. In turn, Blockchain platforms work as isolated environments and they do not support interaction (i.e. interoperability) between each other.During the last years, some academic and industry efforts were performed in order to achieve interoperability between blockchain platforms. However, these efforts solve specific use cases and do not provide a general interoperability solution. In order to organize existing work in the area, this paper provides a feature-based classification framework based on 16 key interoperability features, that enabled the classification of 65 academic papers in three categories and six subcategories.The results show that nowadays research is focused on public interoperability, while private and public-to-private interoperability are still on their first steps. Based on these results, this work also discusses nowadays blockchain interoperability landscape, identifies challenges, and suggests future research directions.

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Section: Challenges and Open Issuesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blockchain Interoperability: a Feature-based Classification Framework and Challenges Ahead

Llambias

González

Ruggia

2023

CLEIej

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“…But this survey does not provide any discussion on other spectrum management schemes like DSA. In [28], numerous solutions for Blockchains interoperability are surveyed which are based on smart contracts. This survey aims to provide a detailed discussion on how different Blockchains can achieve interoperability by employing smart contracts.…”

Section: A Existing Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for Dynamic Spectrum Access and Network Slicing: A Review

et al. 2023

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Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) and network slicing are some of the principal concepts to realize the emerging applications in Beyond 5th Generation (B5G) and 6th Generation (6G) networks. The frequency spectrum remains scarce and underutilized, while the performance requirements in terms of data throughput and latency of the network tenants have diversified. DSA allows for the efficient utilization of spectrum resources, while network slicing aims to serve network users with highly distinctive service needs. Lack of incentivization, sharing of spectrum resources among multiple operators, and lack of trust between operators are some of the challenges faced by centralized DSA approaches. Similarly, secure network slice orchestration, slice-isolation, secure access to network resources, privacy of user sensitive data, assuring the provision of Service Level Agreements (SLAs), are some of the challenges in existing network slicing techniques. Blockchain due to its innate capabilities can be a promising technology to solve the key issues pertaining to current DSA and network slicing approaches. Blockchain through smart contracts, provides traceability of network resources, auditability and accountability of network operators and service providers. Smart contracts facilitate the automation of resource sharing and network slice orchestration, while ensuring that SLAs are met, and network operators are compensated. This paper first provides a comprehensive overview of the DSA concept, the existing DSA techniques, and the challenges posed by these techniques. This is followed by a detailed description of network slicing, its key elements and architecture, various network slicing parameters, existing network slicing techniques and their challenges. Then an in-depth review on blockchain, its working principle, factors that affect blockchain implementation, and a comparison of various open-source blockchain platforms that support smart contracts is presented. This discussion is summarized by presenting the state-of-the-art in the blockchain-enabled DSA and network slicing, challenges and trade-offs of these techniques, and the gaps and future directions in this research area. Finally, we conclude by providing some future research directions.

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“…Several cross-chain solutions have been proposed to address interoperability [33] and scalability issues. Cross chain is used as intermediator node like Federated sidechain [34], Cosmos [35,36] and Polkadot [37].…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

SOTF: Secure Organizational Transactions Framework Based on Bitcoin Payment Bridge

2022

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Bitcoin is a decentralized cryptocurrency where all the transactions are saved in a ledger. Blockchains have good features to be used in different finance applications by using smart contract. Also, blockchains are attractive platform for many industrial domains, including the logistics and supply chain industries. Supply chain technology contributes to record every single asset through its flow, tracking orders, receipts, and payments. There are several relay protocols proposed in previous research; these relay protocols are used to connect different types of blockchains. In this paper, we present a Secure Organizational Transactions Framework (SOTF) based on bridge chain to connect private chain or consortium with public chain which reduces interaction with public blockchain and saves the organization details privately in private chain or consortium. The proposed framework makes it possible for smart contract services to acquire means of payment in the consortium and private chain. Moreover, the proposed framework automates the process of updating the payment non-interactively. In this paper, we validate the communication between organizations blockchain and bitcoin, and find out the development cost of the proposed framework which ensures the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed framework. The code of framework implementation is publicly available at GitHub.

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Towards Interoperable Blockchains: A Survey on the Role of Smart Contracts in Blockchain Interoperability

Cited by 54 publications

References 40 publications

Blockchain Interoperability: a Feature-based Classification Framework and Challenges Ahead

Blockchain Interoperability: a Feature-based Classification Framework and Challenges Ahead

Blockchain for Dynamic Spectrum Access and Network Slicing: A Review

SOTF: Secure Organizational Transactions Framework Based on Bitcoin Payment Bridge

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