Towards modeling and evaluation of ETCS real-time communication and operation

Dynamic Control of High-speed Train Following Operation

“…According to the achievements of Zimmermann and Hommel [18] in train control system, the calculation of train following distance can be seen in Figure 1, where SSafe is safe following distance between the leader and the follower. [18].…”

“…Based on [18][19][20][21], the fitting function of SSafe changing with the velocity V2 of Train2 can be obtained as in (2) …”

Some Trends in Formal Methods Applications to Railway Signaling

“…Several formal modeling and verification studies have been conducted regarding ETCS protocols and components, starting from a model of ETCS given by coloured Petri nets [43], to the use of statecharts with the aim of proving safety properties by model checking an early version of the radio-based train control system [18], to the recent studies of real-time properties using stochastic Petri nets [47] or CSP-OZ-DC [30].…”

Performance Evaluation of Train Moving-Block Control

“…Some work has been done in this direction following [8], and then considering its abstraction from ETCS level 3 specications mostly using Stochastic Petri Nets (SPNs) [9,5,1,3,2]. In particular the approach proposed in [8] to numerically solve the SPN works only under the so-called enabling restriction, i.e.…”

“…Importance splitting techniques used in [9] allow to estimate much smaller rates (about 10 10 per hour). It is not clear if the computational cost of this numerical approach is insensitive to the packet loss probability p.…”