Towards Optimum Design for Crack Width Limit States: The Need for Further Developments

Abstract

Serviceability limit states including cracking are of increasing importance and often dominate the design of reinforced concrete structures. Furthermore, actual crack widths and their shape play an important role in the assessment of service life of existing reinforced concrete structures. Crack width is inherently a random variable of considerable scatter due to randomness of material properties, geometry of the structure, loading and model uncertainty in crack width estimates. The state-of-the-art concepts for serviceability verifications were recently presented in fib Model Code 2010 that is jointly with Eurocode EN 1992-1-1 considered as key background materials in this study. To assess the sufficiency of code requirements and design procedures, crack widths of water retaining structures are investigated in detail using probabilistic methods of structural reliability. The current codes seem to be well calibrated to reach a target reliability index of 1.5 in the serviceability limit states. The two variables dominating structural reliability are uncertainty in crack width model and concrete cover. Numerous topics need to be further investigated including revision of crack width limits, improvements of mechanical models, quantification of model uncertainty, methodology for load combinations, treatment of spatial variability for large structures, and optimisation of target reliabilities.

Reliability performance in tension governed reinforced concrete reservoirs as a function of target crack width

“…Most research into reliability in WRS and crack widths in general consider a limit state of the difference between a deterministic target crack width and the crack width achieved using a code crack prediction model. A number of previous research projects employed this approach 4,8,23–25 and reported the reliability that each respective design code crack prediction model achieved for deterministic target crack widths ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mm. All the investigated crack prediction models were reported to have adequate levels of SLS reliability; and for reversible and irreversible concrete cracking, respectively.…”

“…Most often, these target crack widths are empirical, stemming from qualitative satisfactory performance over the years, rather than a target reliability. 4 As such, reliabilities achieved by using these target crack widths have not been quantified.…”

“…Though cracks are inevitable, leakage is minimized by the limitation of crack widths to below code‐specified target crack widths. Most often, these target crack widths are empirical, stemming from qualitative satisfactory performance over the years, rather than a target reliability 4 . As such, reliabilities achieved by using these target crack widths have not been quantified.…”