Towards quantitative sea ice reconstructions in the northern North Atlantic: A combined biomarker and numerical modelling approach

Müller, Juliane; Wagner, A. James; Fahl, Kirsten; Stein, Rüdiger; Prange, Matthias; Lohmann, Gerrit

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.04.011

Cited by 181 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This contrasts with the modern setting, where IP 25 has been detected in surface sediments from the region consistent with the site being located between the winter and summer sea ice limits (Fig. 1) 18 . The failure to detect IP 25 in sediments between 5.8 and 3.9 Ma may, potentially, also be explained by the occurrence of perennial sea ice coverage.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 42%

“…The presence (absence) of IP 25 in Arctic marine sediments is especially sensitive to the past occurrence (absence) of sea ice 16 , while abundance variations are usually consistent with corresponding directional changes in sea ice cover 16 . These attributes are of particular significance to the current study, as it has previously been shown that ice marginal conditions in the gateway (Fram Strait) are mirrored, qualitatively, by the occurrence of IP 25 in marine sediments from the study region, and that sedimentary abundances of IP 25 are sensitive to changes in sea ice conditions 17,18 , thus permitting semi-quantitative reconstructions. As a result, the measurement of IP 25 in AAG sediments covering the last 2 Ma has been used to imply marginal sea ice conditions during the Pleistocene 19 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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The emergence of modern sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2014

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 42%

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confidence: 99%

The emergence of modern sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2014

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“…rhomboides are also common, IP 25 occurrence in recent sediments from the Kara, Laptev and Barents Sea shows a strong correlation with modern sea ice cover 24,42 , and this has aided the reconstruction of Holocene (and older) sea ice records from these regions 10,43 . Further, the observation of IP 25 -producing diatoms in sea ice from around Svalbard and the North East Polynya (NE Greenland) is consistent with the occurrence of IP 25 in nearby surface sediments 42,44 , and the longest IP 25 -based palaeo sea ice records to date are also from this region 10,45 . The majority of these IP 25 studies have been conducted in relatively shallow marine settings, proximal to continental shelves while, in contrast, there is currently a paucity of data from deeper oceanographic settings such as the Greenland Sea or the central Arctic Ocean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Source identification of the Arctic sea ice proxy IP25

et al. 2014

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Analysis of the organic geochemical biomarker IP 25 in marine sediments is an established method for carrying out palaeo sea ice reconstructions for the Arctic. Such reconstructions cover timescales from decades back to the early Pleistocene, and are critical for understanding past climate conditions on Earth and for informing climate prediction models. Key attributes of IP 25 include its strict association with Arctic sea ice together with its ubiquity and stability in underlying marine sediments; however, the sources of IP 25 have remained undetermined. Here we report the identification of IP 25 in three (or four) relatively minor (o5%) sea ice diatoms isolated from mixed assemblages collected from the Canadian Arctic. In contrast, IP 25 was absent in the dominant taxa. Chemical and taxonomical investigations suggest that the IP 25 -containing taxa represent the majority of producers and are distributed pan-Arctic, thus establishing the widespread applicability of the IP 25 proxy for palaeo Arctic sea ice reconstruction.

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“…The exception to this was Lab B, who used an Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) method for extracting sediments (e.g. Müller et al, 2011;Stein et al, 2012;Stein and Fahl, 2013). Since sonication and ASE represent the two extraction methods used in published work, we decided to carry out a preliminary comparison of them and this was achieved in two ways.…”

Section: Influence Of Extraction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inter-laboratory investigation of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP<sub>25</sub> in marine sediments: key outcomes and recommendations

et al. 2014

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Abstract. We describe the results of an inter-laboratory investigation into the identification and quantification of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP 25 in marine sediments. Seven laboratories took part in the study, which consisted of the analysis of IP 25 in a series of sediment samples from different regions of the Arctic, sub-Arctic and Antarctic, additional sediment extracts and purified standards. The results obtained allowed 4 key outcomes to be determined. First, IP 25 was identified by all laboratories in sediments from the Canadian Arctic with inter-laboratory variation in IP 25 concentration being substantially larger than within individual laboratories. This greater variation between laboratories was attributed to the difficulty in accurately determining instrumental response factors for IP 25 , even though laboratories were supplied with appropriate standards. Second, the identification of IP 25 by 3 laboratories in sediment from SW Iceland that was believed to represent a blank, was interpreted as representing a better limit of detection or quantification for such laboratories, contamination or mis-identification. These alternatives could not be distinguished conclusively with the data available, although it is noted that the precision of these data was significantly poorer compared with the other IP 25 concentration measurements. Third, 3 laboratories reported the occurrence of IP 25 in a sediment sample from the Antarctic Peninsula even though this biomarker is believed to be absent from the Southern Ocean. This anomaly is attributed to a combined chromatographic and mass spectrometric interference that results from the presence of a di-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) pseudo-homologue of IP 25 that occurs in Antarctic sediments. Finally, data are presented that suggest that extraction of IP 25 is consistent between Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and sonication methods and that IP 25 concentrations based on 7-hexylnonadecane as an internal standard are comparable using these methods. Recoveries of some more unsaturated HBIs and the internal standard 9-octylheptadecene, however, were lower with the ASE procedure, possibly due to partial degradation of these more reactive chemicals as a result of higher temperatures employed with this method. For future measurements, we recommend the use of reference sediment material with known concentration(s) of IP 25 for determining and routinely monitoring instrumental response factors. Given the significance placed on the presence (or otherwise) of IP 25 in marine sediments, some further recommendations pertaining to quality control are made that should also enable the two main anomalies identified here to be addressed.

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Towards quantitative sea ice reconstructions in the northern North Atlantic: A combined biomarker and numerical modelling approach

Cited by 181 publications

References 68 publications

The emergence of modern sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean

The emergence of modern sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean

Source identification of the Arctic sea ice proxy IP25

An inter-laboratory investigation of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP<sub>25</sub> in marine sediments: key outcomes and recommendations

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Towards quantitative sea ice reconstructions in the northern North Atlantic: A combined biomarker and numerical modelling approach

Cited by 181 publications

References 68 publications

The emergence of modern sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean

The emergence of modern sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean

Source identification of the Arctic sea ice proxy IP25

An inter-laboratory investigation of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP&lt;sub&gt;25&lt;/sub&gt; in marine sediments: key outcomes and recommendations

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Product

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An inter-laboratory investigation of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP<sub>25</sub> in marine sediments: key outcomes and recommendations