Towards Realistic Energy Profiling of Blockchains for Securing Internet of Things

Sankaran, Sriram; Sanju, S.; Achuthan, Krishnashree

doi:10.1109/icdcs.2018.00148

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A performance analysis of energy transactions confirmation times was simulated in [34] for 50 pairs of IIoT nodes. The latency introduced by multiple blockchain transactions and the mining power required for IoT networks was investigated in [35] for a variety of workloads. In extending this body of research, the authors take a more focused approach by investigating the expected performance and operational state of an individual, DLT-enabled node, under the stricter availability conditions for the smart microgrid.…”

Section: Related Work: Dlt-enabled Industrial Iot Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Microgrid Energy Market: Evaluating Distributed Ledger Technologies for Remote and Constrained Microgrid Deployments

et al. 2021

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The increasing strain on ageing generation infrastructure has seen more frequent instances of scheduled and unscheduled blackouts, rising reliability on fossil fuel based energy alternatives and a slow down in efforts towards achieving universal access to electrical energy in South Africa. To try and relieve the burden on the National Grid and still progress electrification activities, the smart microgrid model and secure energy trade paradigm is considered—enabled by the Industrial IoT (IIoT) and distributed ledger technologies (DLTs). Given the high availability requirements of microgrid operations, the limited resources available on IIoT devices and the high processing and energy requirements of DLT operations, this work aims to determine the effect of native DLT algorithms when implemented on IIoT edge devices to assess the suitability of DLTs as a mechanism to establish a secure, energy trading market for the Internet of Energy. Metrics such as the node transaction time, operating temperature, power consumption, processor and memory usage are considered towards determining possible interference on the edge node operation. In addition, the cost and time required for mining operations associated with the DLT-enabled node are determined in an effort to predict the cost to end users—in terms of fees payable and mobile data costs—as well as predicting the microgrid’s growth and potential blockchain network slowdown.

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Section: Related Work: Dlt-enabled Industrial Iot Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Microgrid Energy Market: Evaluating Distributed Ledger Technologies for Remote and Constrained Microgrid Deployments

et al. 2021

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“…• Cost issues. Taking Bitcoin as a concrete example, miners have to spend much computational power and energy if PoW is adopted as the consensus mechanism [42]. This would cause a big burden on the organizations or groups that have an interest in adopting blockchain technology.…”

Section: Vulnerabilities and Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Blockchain-Based Software-Defined Networking: Security Challenges and Solutions

Meng

Liu

et al. 2020

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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Software-Defined Networking (SDN) enables flexible deployment and innovation of new networking applications by decoupling and abstracting the control and data planes. It has radically changed the concept and way of building and managing networked systems, and reduced the barriers to entry for new players in the service markets. It is considered to be a promising solution providing the scale and versatility necessary for IoT. However, SDN may also face many challenges, i.e., the centralized control plane would be a single point of failure. With the advent of blockchain technology, blockchain-based SDN has become an emerging architecture for securing a distributed network environment. Motivated by this, in this work, we summarize the generic framework of blockchainbased SDN, discuss security challenges and relevant solutions, and provide insights on the future development in this field.

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“…There are a number of related works that analyze performance of blockchains [11,19]. However, only a few include energy analysis [21,23], and the analysis is of limited depth.…”

Section: The Time-energy Analysis Of Blockchainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sankaran et al [21] analyze the time and energy performance of an in-house Ethereum network consisting of highperformance mining servers and low-power Raspberry Pi clients. These low-power systems cannot run Ethereum min- ing due to their limited memory size, hence, they only take the role of clients.…”

Section: The Time-energy Analysis Of Blockchainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blockchain Goes Green? An Analysis of Blockchain on Low-Power Nodes

Loghin,

Chen,

Dinh

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Motivated by the massive energy usage of blockchain, on the one hand, and by significant performance improvements in low-power, wimpy systems, on the other hand, we perform an in-depth time-energy analysis of blockchain systems on low-power nodes in comparison to high-performance nodes. We use three low-power systems to represent a wide range of the performance-power spectrum, while covering both x86/64 and ARM architectures. We show that low-end wimpy nodes are struggling to run full-fledged blockchains mainly due to their small and low-bandwidth memory. On the other hand, wimpy systems with balanced performanceto-power ratio achieve reasonable performance while saving significant amounts of energy. For example, Jetson TX2 nodes achieve around 80% and 30% of the throughput of Parity and Hyperledger, respectively, while using 18× and 23× less energy compared to traditional brawny servers with Intel Xeon CPU.

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Towards Realistic Energy Profiling of Blockchains for Securing Internet of Things

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Smart Microgrid Energy Market: Evaluating Distributed Ledger Technologies for Remote and Constrained Microgrid Deployments

Smart Microgrid Energy Market: Evaluating Distributed Ledger Technologies for Remote and Constrained Microgrid Deployments

Towards Blockchain-Based Software-Defined Networking: Security Challenges and Solutions

Blockchain Goes Green? An Analysis of Blockchain on Low-Power Nodes

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