Towards Responsible Aggregate Mining in Vietnam

Schiappacasse, Paulina; Müller, Bernhard; Linh, Le Thuy

doi:10.3390/resources8030138

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, little is known about its attributes, such as area, type, scale, and current status as well as socio-environmental impacts. The large extension of small-scale mining raises a concern regarding its socio-environment impacts for the Hanoi ecosystems and for local people, since it does not always follow environmental protocols [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is particularly needed in the Hanoi Province where, despite the fact that mining plays an important role for the economy of the area in terms of the supply of construction materials, little is known about its attributes such as spatial extent, type, scale, status and socio/environmental impacts. A recent study [15] has already highlighted concerns related to the lack of a resource management strategy for the responsible extraction of construction materials. Given that they represent a non-renewable resource, unsustainable mining practices can cause negative environmental impact, excessive energy usage, and extreme landscape alterations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparison between LULC maps with AC provides it is still an added value for a better understanding of possible future demand for construction materials in the area which can be used to develop informed regulatory framework, as requested in Reference [15], and can guarantee the balance between promoting sustainable economic growth prosperity and guaranteeing environmental protection. Such efforts go in the direction of two United Nations SDGs: no.11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Using Satellite Data to Analyse Raw Material Consumption in Hanoi, Vietnam

et al. 2021

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In this work, we provide an innovative route for analysing urban expansion and population growth and their link to the consumption of construction materials by combining satellite data with material consumption analysis within the Hanoi Province (Vietnam). Urban expansion is investigated with the use of landcover maps for the period 1975–2020 derived from satellite. During this period, artificial surfaces and agricultural areas have increased by 11.6% and 15.5%, respectively, while forests have decreased by 26.7%. We have used publicly available datasets to calculate and forecast the construction materials consumption and measure its statistical correlation with urban expansion between 2007 and 2018. Our results show that official figures for sand consumption are currently underestimated, and that by 2030, steel and sand and gravel consumption will increase even further by three and two times, respectively. Our analysis uses a new method to assess urban development and associated impacts by combining socio-economic and Earth Observation datasets. The analysis can provide evidence, underpin decision-making by authorities, policymakers, urban planners and sustainability experts, as well as support the development of informed strategies for resource consumption. It can also provide important information for identifying areas of land conservation and ecological greenways during urban planning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Using Satellite Data to Analyse Raw Material Consumption in Hanoi, Vietnam

et al. 2021

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“…The decentralization severely inhibits the ability to determine the exact number and operational capacity of businesses in operation. This is likely due to inherent limitations on human resource and technical capacity in provincial governments, and limited coordination among the relevant departments 18 . The Vietnamese government predicted demand for sand from riverbed of around 2.1 to 2.3 billion m 3 between 2016 and 2020 and current projections stand at 1.5 billion m 3 by 2040 in the VMD 14,19,20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New systemically measured sand mining budget for the Mekong Delta reveals rising trends and significant volume underestimations

Gruel¹,

Park²,

Ho³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The river beds of the Mekong Delta are some of the most intensively sand mined places in the world, however sand mining budgets are limited to rough and indirect estimates. Here, we provide a systematic, semi-physically based estimation of the Mekong Delta’s sand mining budget. We provide a quantified budget that overcomes limitations resulting from previous reliance on officially declared statistics and bathymetric surveys of short channel reaches. We apply Sentinel-1 radar imagery to monitor the distribution of sand mining activities using boat metrics-driven mining intensity maps correlated with a field-based bathymetry difference map derived from two extensive bathymetric surveys of ~100 km reaches in the Tiền River conducted in 2014 and 2017 that cover ~15% of the Mekong Delta. We then extrapolate the Tiền River findings to the broader Vietnamese Mekong Delta from 2015 to 2020 and measure a continuous increase of the extraction budget by ~25% between 2015 (38 Mm3/yr) and 2020 (47 Mm3/yr). We estimate a total sand mining budget of 254 Mm3 during the 6-year study period with an average annual rate of ~42 Mm3. Our semi-physically based annual rate differs from both official declarations provided and estimates from previous studies implying that a substantial portion of sand mining budget remains unaccounted for. Riverbed sand mining remains key threat to the Mekong Delta as it exacerbates or contributes to a multitude of other threats including dam construction effects on sedimentation, ongoing subsidence, sea level rise and recurring salt intrusion. This integrated study offers a new method that is readily implementable elsewhere to allow for extensive monitoring and quantification of sand mining activities that are vital for assessing future projections on environmental impacts.

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“…The urbanisation directly influences the demand for building materials such as sand, clay, coarse aggregates, and gravel, which make up about 94% of global stocks of building and infrastructure materials [11]. According to the Vietnam urban development vision of 2020-2025 [12], the urban population is expected to grow from 38% in 2015 to 45% by 2020 and 50% by 2025. The main driving forces behind fast urbanisation are a public investment in infrastructure and the opening up of land for leasehold entitlements [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A DPSIR Assessment on Ecosystem Services Challenges in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: Coping with the Impacts of Sand Mining

Anh

Schneider

2020

Sustainability

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River sand mining has been a concerning problem for the southern Asian developing nations. The rampant growth of urbanisation in developing countries has led to an extensive need for and consumption of sand. The Mekong River and its delta are an essential part of southern Vietnam, and also a global biodiversity hub that is currently being exhausted by intensive sand mining. The understanding of the cause–effect of the sand mining over the Mekong delta region and river, from a systems-thinking perspective, is lacking, not only with Vietnam but also with other countries along the Mekong River. The DPSIR framework (Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response) is a useful tool to assess and describe the cause–effect within an ecosystem to aid in a better systems-thinking approach for stakeholders, policy makers, and governance managers to draft response measures. This study used the DPSIR framework to assess the different effects of sand mining on the ecosystem services and human well-being in the Mekong River and delta region of Vietnam. Rapid population growth, urbanisation, and infrastructure development needs remain as primary drivers for the sand consumption. The DPSIR study showed a holistic view of several interlinked pressures and state changes in Vietnam’s Mekong, along with some potential responses, to form systematic, sustainable approaches for mitigating and adapting the impacts caused by extensive river sand mining.

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Towards Responsible Aggregate Mining in Vietnam

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Using Satellite Data to Analyse Raw Material Consumption in Hanoi, Vietnam

Using Satellite Data to Analyse Raw Material Consumption in Hanoi, Vietnam

New systemically measured sand mining budget for the Mekong Delta reveals rising trends and significant volume underestimations

A DPSIR Assessment on Ecosystem Services Challenges in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: Coping with the Impacts of Sand Mining

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