Towards single layer quantum-dot cellular automata adders based on explicit interaction of cells

Ahmad, Firdous; Bhat, G. Mohiuddin; Khademolhosseini, Hossein; Azimi, Saeid; Angizi, Shaahin; Navi, Keivan

doi:10.1016/j.jocs.2016.02.005

Cited by 128 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The basic method of designing involves the conventional majority voter designing. Other than this a number of design methodologies have been suggested one of which is the designing based on the explicit interaction of cells [25,31,32] and the other is the tile based designs. All these designing methods are under research and a break through from these is expected, thus leading to the revolution from the transistor based designing to the no current paradigms.…”

Section: Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (Qca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight into Beyond CMOS Next Generation Computing using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata Nanotechnology

Bilal¹,

Ahmed²,

Kakkar³

2018

IJEM

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CMOS is a technology that has revolutionized the field of electronics. Over the time the processing technologies and design methodologies of CMOS devices have proved to be in full swing with the Moore's law and the miniaturization paradigm. However, after surviving for more than five decades, CMOS is now facing challenges to live through the submicron ranges. The scaling in CMOS has reached a higher limit, showing adverse effects not only from physical and technological point of view but also from material and economical perspective. This drift inspires the researchers to look for new promising alternatives to CMOS which vow better performance, density and power consumption. One of the promising alternatives to digital designing in CMOS is the Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). QCA is a technology that involves no current transfer but works on electronic interaction between the cells. The QCA cell basically consists of quantum dots separated by certain distance and the entire transmission of information occurs via the interaction between the electrons localized in these quantum dots. In this paper the limitations to CMOS in submicron range and concepts for designing in QCA have been discussed. Further the building blocks are explained theoretically as well as using QCA Designer implementations with focus on cell interaction and clocking mechanisms.

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Section: Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (Qca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight into Beyond CMOS Next Generation Computing using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata Nanotechnology

Bilal¹,

Ahmed²,

Kakkar³

2018

IJEM

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“…In this efficient QCA layout, a simple and dense two-input exclusive-OR (XOR) design [13] is utilized for realization of the third output (Y3). In addition, for wire crossing, the single layer method using different clock zones is used [14,15]. In general, wire crossing in QCA circuits can be performed by tree approaches using multilayer cells, rotated cells and different clock zones.…”

Section: Proposed Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an ultra-efficient reversible full adder-subtractor in quantum-dot cellular automata

Taherkhani

Moaiyeri

Angizi

2017

Optik

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By the progressive scaling of the feature size and power consumption in VLSI chips the part of energy dissipated due to information loss in irreversible computations will become a serious limitation in the near future. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging nanotechnology with extremely low energy dissipation which facilitates new computation paradigms such as reversible computing. In this paper a novel reversible full adder-subtractor circuit based on QCA is proposed. Our proposed design is implemented using only one layer and does not require any rotated cells which significantly improves the manufacturability of the design. In addition, it improves the cell count, area and total energy dissipation by almost 45% and 50% and 48%, respectively, as compared to the existing QCAbased single-layer and multilayer reversible full adders.Keywords: Quantum-dot Cellular Automata; Reversible computing; Full adder design; Single layer circuit; Energy dissipation analysis IntroductionPower consumption is indeed the main concern in recent VLSI circuits. Due to the ever-increasing demands for portable electronic systems and the disproportionate growth of the semiconductor and battery manufacturing industries, increasing the operational time between each battery charge has become very curtail. In addition, the disproportionate scaling of the size of transistors and power supply voltage has led to many shortcomings such as high leakage currents and high power density, creating hot spots in CMOS chips. As a result, different computational paradigms using emerging nanotechnologies, addressing drastically small size and low power dissipation, should be considered. Reversible computing is one these computational paradigms which is realized by setting up a one-toone mapping between the input and output states of the circuit [1][2][3]. In 1973 Bennett proved that it is possible to eliminate power dissipation in a logic circuit if the circuit includes only reversible logic gates. Moreover, in 1961 Landauer demonstrated that each bit of information loss in an irreversible computation leads to kBTln2 joules dissipation of heat energy, where kB is Boltzmann constant and T is temperature. As a result, the energy required for a binary transition at room temperature (T=300 K) is at least 0.017 eV. However, if a computation is carried out in a reversible manner, this amount of energy would not inevitably dissipated and energy consumption would be beyond the kBTln2 limit. Although the power dissipation of the current CMOS circuits is much higher than kBTln2, in the near future with ultimate scaling of feature size and power consumption based on emerging nanotechnologies, this theoretical limit may become a major restriction [3]. Utilizing reversible computing in nanotechnology and quantum computing has become a quite interesting subject in recent years. Reversible computing, as a new paradigm for reducing physical

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“…In our proposed design the explicit interaction of cells approach is used to reduce the cell count in our designs [26]. This approach of explicit interaction of cells suggests the impact of the polarization of cells on each other can actually make the array of cells to behave in a particular manner.…”

Section: Qca Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Realization of Universality of Peres Gate Using Explicit Interaction of Cells in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata Nanotechnology

Bilal¹,

Ahmed²,

Kakkar³

2017

IJISA

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Abstract-The essence of the technology business lies in the improvements and advancements that are continuously taking place in the industry. From vacuum tubes, diodes and transistors to the concepts of nano level designing have by and large created a revolution in the history of mankind. The biggest milestone in this journey has been the CMOS technology which has managed to survive for decades and is still an ongoing research area. However, advancing the technology includes many other dimensions which need to be taken care of. As the devices go on decreasing in size with the improving technology the power dissipation in them becomes a major issue. To counter this, a new logic called reversible logic has come into the pool of research. Further a shift from the transistor based paradigm is being explored to go down to ultra-small structures. A major breakthrough in this can be the Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) Nanotechnology. In this paper we have given a review about how the reversible logic and QCA nanotechnology together result in ultra-low power designs. Further we have optimized the design of Peres reversible gate using the concepts of explicit interaction of cells in QCA and verified the universal functionality using the optimized designs.

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Towards single layer quantum-dot cellular automata adders based on explicit interaction of cells

Cited by 128 publications

References 18 publications

An Insight into Beyond CMOS Next Generation Computing using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata Nanotechnology

An Insight into Beyond CMOS Next Generation Computing using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata Nanotechnology

Design of an ultra-efficient reversible full adder-subtractor in quantum-dot cellular automata

Optimal Realization of Universality of Peres Gate Using Explicit Interaction of Cells in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata Nanotechnology

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