Towards stabilization of bio-oil by addition of antioxidants and solvents, and emulsification with conventional hydrocarbon fuels

Production of renewable fuels by blending bio-oil with alcohols and upgrading under supercritical conditions

“…Further esters can form during reactions between the alcohol solvents and acids derived from the intermediate products from the conversion of oxygenated compounds during the process [27,37]. Udomsap et al reported that solvents such as methanol and ethanol could terminate the chain of oligomers when added to crude bio-oil and break polymer chains to lower molecular weight compounds [24]. For example, the transesterification of polymeric esters with alcohol to form lower molecular weight methyl or ethyl esters.…”

“…Alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol have been used to blend with bio-oil to increase its homogeneity and reduce its viscosity and the rate of ageing [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Diebold and Czernik found additives such as methanol and ethanol can drastically reduce the ageing rate of pyrolysis oil [25].…”

“…Yu et al found blending methanol or ethanol with bio-oil proved to be a simple and costeffective method for reducing the viscosity and improving homogeneity and stability of the bio-oil [22]. Udomsap et al prepared various bio-oil-solvent samples including two samples of 10 wt-% methanol, or ethanol in pure biooil [24]. The authors reported that the solvents could terminate the chain of oligomers, and break polymer chains to lower molecular weight compounds.…”

“…The authors reported that the solvents could terminate the chain of oligomers, and break polymer chains to lower molecular weight compounds. For example, oligomeric esters in the bio-oil may undergo transesterification with methanol or ethanol to form lower molecular weight methyl or ethyl esters, respectively [24,25]. Oasmaa et al tested the effects of adding up to 10 wt-% methanol, ethanol and isopropanol on the quality of liquids from fast pyrolysis forestry residue and pine [17].…”

Stabilization of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) derived Bio-oil using Antioxidants

“…The objective of this project is to select the optimum condition to study the accelerated aging of bio-oil as well as to study the effects of antioxidants in stabilizing the bio-oil. The chosen optimum operating condition is aging the bio-oil at temperature of 80 o C for 7 d (Udomsap et al 2011). The upgraded bio-oil should have higher stability than the original bio-oil such as lower value of viscosity, water content and acidity.…”