Towards sustainable additive manufacturing: The need for awareness of particle and vapor releases during polymer recycling, making filament, and fused filament fabrication 3-D printing

Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.; Bowers, Lauren; Cottrell, Gabe; Erdem, Ergin; Knepp, Alycia K.; Martin, Stephen B.; Pretty, Jack R.; Duling, Matthew G.; Arnold, Elizabeth D.; Wilson, Zachary; Krider, Benjamin; Fortner, Alyson R.; LeBouf, Ryan F.; Virji, M. Abbas; Sirinterlikci, Arif

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105911

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Comparing this polymer to other polymers, its fair price, eco-friendly biocompatibility, and suitable physicomechanical characteristics have made it an excellent choice. [60][61][62][63][64][65].…”

Section: Pla (Polylactic Acid)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges and Opportunities in Additive Manufacturing Polymer Technology: A Review Based on Optimization Perspective

Raja

Rajan

2023

Advances in Polymer Technology

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In the emerging modern technology of additive manufacturing, the need for optimization can be found in literature in many places. Additive manufacturing (AM) is making an object layer by layer directly from digital data. Previous works of literature have classified additive manufacturing processes into seven types. However, there is a lack of comprehensive review describing the optimization challenges and opportunities in the material extrusion process (polymer technology) and also the need for FDM polymer materials application in impeller making. In this review paper, a specific optimization method called multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) from the mathematical programming technique used in additive manufacturing polymer technology (AMPT) is discussed. The other topics such as different types of optimization techniques, applications of different MCDM tools and their applications in different fields including AM, and the optimization challenges and opportunities in AMPT particularly impeller application are discussed.

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Section: Pla (Polylactic Acid)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ABS melting point is calculated to be 210 °C to 240 °C. Previous research on ABS's mechanical characteristics in the manufacture of impeller pumps demonstrated that ABS can be thought of as a good choice for the manufacture of impellers [65][66][67].…”

Section: Abs (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrenementioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities in Additive Manufacturing Polymer Technology: A Review Based on Optimization Perspective

Raja

Rajan

2023

Advances in Polymer Technology

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“…The adoption of recycled plastics is expected to reduce the cost and the environmental impact of the feedstock for FFF. [315] Besides thermoplastic waste from conventional recycling bins, [316] waste printing materials can also be collected and re-extruded into printed filaments, so that a "closed-loop" strategy can be established. [317] As pointed by Mikula et al [318] in their comprehensive review, the ability to re-manufacture 3D printed materials is critical, since AM is still frequently employed as a rapid prototyping tool, which results in a large volume of single-use objects.…”

Section: Recycling and Waste Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Footprint and Safety Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Requirements in Fused Filament Fabrication: A Framework for the Design of Next‐Generation 3D Printable Thermoplastics and Composites

Sola

2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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Fused filament fabrication (FFF), also known as fused deposition modeling, is the leading technology for polymer-based additive manufacturing. The simplicity, along with the cleanness, the affordability, and the multi-material capability, are some of the main advantages that have prompted this success. Nonetheless, the uptake of FFF in industry is hampered by the limited functionality of commercial filaments, that are often based on plain thermoplastics. The future growth of FFF into new markets needs a significant improvement of available materials. However, materials requirements in FFF are complicated and often mutually conflicting. Whereas heuristic approaches to materials design imply significant costs in terms of time, energy, and materials, a critical survey of the main requirements that a new material should fulfill in order to be printable and suitable for commercial adoption is still missing. In order to bridge this gap, the present paper analyzes the workflow from filament production to end-of-life disposal of printed objects, and, for each step, brings to light the governing materials properties. Wherever possible, practical guidelines are given on acceptable values. Existing lacks of knowledge are identified to direct future studies. The ultimate goal is to provide a road map to making materials development in FFF more efficient.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is thought to be environmentally sustainable. 9 It's one of the most popular types of commercial 3D printing technologies. 10 This popularity is mostly related to the ease of this technology among different additive manufacturing technologies and the feasibility of printing different polymers of which the main ones are PLA (polylactic acid), PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), nylon (a kind of polyamide).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of 3D printed parts: Effect of ultraviolet PLA filaments ageing and water absorption

Souissi

Bennour

Khammassi

et al. 2022

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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In additive manufacturing, fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the most often-used technologies. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is the most frequently applied polymer for prototyping or for real uses. This study mainly focuses on the mechanical properties of PLA parts printed with filament exposed to UV light to mimic the effect of recycled filament. Three radiation periods were studied, respectively, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Tensile tests were carried out to characterize the influence of building orientation (On flat/on-edge) and raster angles (0°, 45°, 90°, 0°/90°, −45°/+45°). Failure modes were also discussed. Printed specimens were subjected to water absorption to assess the mechanical properties in real application. Generally with the same raster angle, the interlayer structure of specimens manufactured in on-edge orientation has greater adhesion than the specimens in flat orientation. The results show that mechanical properties are lower in case of flat building orientation and the raster angle has the same trend in both orientations. Elsewhere, edge orientation exhibited lower water absorption thanks to the inwall that protected the printed part. UV radiation enhances the interface between printed layers for the lower period. The mechanical properties were affected by the degradation of the bulk material in the direction of 90°.

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Towards sustainable additive manufacturing: The need for awareness of particle and vapor releases during polymer recycling, making filament, and fused filament fabrication 3-D printing

Cited by 29 publications

References 44 publications

Challenges and Opportunities in Additive Manufacturing Polymer Technology: A Review Based on Optimization Perspective

Challenges and Opportunities in Additive Manufacturing Polymer Technology: A Review Based on Optimization Perspective

Materials Requirements in Fused Filament Fabrication: A Framework for the Design of Next‐Generation 3D Printable Thermoplastics and Composites

Mechanical properties of 3D printed parts: Effect of ultraviolet PLA filaments ageing and water absorption

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