Towards Sustainable Agriculture: A Novel Approach for Rice Leaf Disease Detection Using dCNN and Enhanced Dataset

Abstract

Rice is one of the foremost food grains that dispenses sustenance to about half of the world's population. It is cultivated all over the world. The leaf disease detection of this crop is one of the chronic agricultural obstacles that farmers and planting experts have been struggling with for a long time. As a result of the leaf diseases, producing the amount of rice required to feed the world's rising population has become very challenging. Hence, automatically detecting rice leaf diseases is an inevitable task to increase productivity. Numerous deep learning based methods have been proposed for rice leaf disease detection, which we found rather inefficient considering the size of the models. In this article, we introduce a lightweight deep Convolutional Neural Network (dCNN) based method for rice leaf disease detection, that outperforms contemporary state-of-the-art methods and showcases competitive performance against 21 established benchmark architectures, including AlexNet, MobileNet, ResNet50, DenseNet121, ResNeXt50, ShuffleNet, ConvNext, EfficientNet, GogoleNet, SwinTransformer, VisionTransformer, and MaxVit, to name a few, with significantly lower trainable parameters. Notably, our method achieves an accuracy score of 99.81%, a precision score of 0.99828, a recall score of 0.99826, and an f1-score of 0.99827. Moreover, we enhance the rice leaf disease dataset by merging two existing datasets and supplemented them with an additional 95 manually annotated images gathered from publicly available sources on the internet. We also develop a comprehensive crop health monitoring system for farmers, and develop an open API for the automatic annotation of new instances, benefiting the research community at large. INDEX TERMS deep learning; deep convolutional neural network; rice leaf disease detection; leaf disease classification