Towards sustainable waste management through structural testing of rice straw bale cement plasters

Garas, Gihan L.; Allam, Mostafa E.; Ragab, Abdel-Rahman

doi:10.2495/wm080451

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…As a result, most rice-straw waste is burnt, producing significant air pollution associated with fume and smoke generation; the obvious carbon footprint derived from this activity. In rice producing countries, such as Egypt, this problem is evident each year during the rice production season (Abou Zeid et al 2008;Garas et al 2008). Air pollution affects not only the population's health but other sectors of the economy, such as tourism, and cultural heritage (damage to buildings and artifacts).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

N-halamines from rice straw

et al. 2011

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The cellulosic part of rice straw was modified to develop N-halamine 11 derivatives for disinfection. The process involved cross-linking of the cellulosic material 12 with amino/amide/imide containing compounds; cyclic and acyclic. The structures of the 13 prepared materials were identified using FTIR and solid state 13 CNMR. The modified 14 materials were halogenated to form N-halamines and the antimicrobial activity of each 15 evaluated against examples of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-16 negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) using a variety of methods; agar plate, blended agar, 17 stirred flask and in columns. One of the N-halamines achieved a 9 log reduction against 18 both E. coli and S. aureus in 4 hours. In addition, no S. aureus growth was recorded on 19 agar plates blended with 0.5g of this same material. 20

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

N-halamines from rice straw

et al. 2011

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“…These results meet the conditions of acceptance of the ASTM E119 for testing bearing walls and partitions taking into consideration that the test was applied on single cement plastered bales. Previous tests conducted by Garas et al 2008, on the same group of mixes to examine its compressive strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were in favor of mixes A and B indicating higher efficiency by increasing the cement content and decreasing the amount of lime in the mix [4]. It is therefore recommended for further research to apply the same test procedure on a full scale load bearing wall plastered with mixes A (no lime content) and B (one part of lime and one part of cement) to simulate field use conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Straw bale fire test on cement plaster mixes

Garas¹,

Allam²,

Mamdouh³

2009

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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The use of plastered straw bales for wall construction in residential and light commercial buildings has increased significantly all over the world. The performance of straw bale walls under fire exposure is an item of major importance in securing construction.This paper presents a fire resistance test on different cement plaster mixes applied on straw bales of thickness 45 cm. The test was conducted on the samples' surface for almost 2 hours using direct flame. A thermal sensor was installed on the sample side opposite to the flame side to record the transmission of heat through the plastered bales. The results showed that bales survived fire penetration in excess of 2 hours after which the flame was discontinued.It was concluded that mixes containing higher percentages of cement content exhibit more fire resistance than those with less cement content. It was also noticed that the increase in heat transmission through the bales (between both sides) did not exceed 5°C in all samples.

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“…The fi re test results on the plastered bales meet the conditions of acceptance of the ASTM E119 for testing bearing walls and partitions taking into consideration that the test was applied on single cement plastered bales. Previous tests conducted by Garas et al 2008, on the same group of mixes to examine its compressive strength, MOR and MOE were in favor of mixes A and B indicating higher effi ciency by increasing the cement content and decreasing the amount of lime in the mix [10]. 5.…”

Section: In Situ Thermal Performance Tests On the Plastered Straw Balmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the results of the fi re resistance test and the mechanical lab tests conducted by Garas [10,11], mix C consisting two parts of lime and one part of cement that showed the appearance of weak points resulted in cracks under fi re exposure and was excluded from fi eld applications.…”

Section: Thermal Performance Of Rice Straw Bale Plastered Wallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal performance of plastered rice straw bales and walls: a case study

Garas¹,

Allam²

2011

Int. J. SDP

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Straw, as a fi ber, has been used as part of building materials for several years. A carefully constructed strawbale building has excellent thermal performance because of the combination of the high isolative value of the bales and the thermal mass provided by the thick plaster coating of the interiors. This paper addresses the thermal performance of rice straw bales and walls plastered with different cement plaster mixes. The plaster mixes are applied on straw bales of thickness 45 cm. A fi re resistance test is conducted for two complete h°urs on the bales using direct fl ame after which the fl ame was discontinued. According to the test results, the mix with equal parts of cement and lime showed acceptable mechanical properties. This mix is chosen to be applied on a prototype straw bale wall compartment with an aim to evaluate the thermal performance of the plastered straw bale walls in arid desert climate at the hottest month of the year in Egypt. The straw bale wall test is undertaken by collecting actual measurements on site. Thermal sensors are installed on both external and internal sides of the wall to record the heat transmission through the plastered walls. The results showed that all the plastered bales survived fi re penetration for the life period of the test. Increasing the lime content and decreasing the cement content of the mix raises the possibility of weak areas in the plaster of straw bale walls causing cracks during direct fi re exposure. Similar width and density of the bales for all the specimen mixes didn't affect the heat transmission through the bales, which did not exceed 5.3°C in all samples. The site readings on the straw bale walls showed high range of temperature fl uctuation on the external wall sensor, while in the internal wall sensor the temperature fl uctuation was kept to minimum values. It was concluded that due to their high thermal insulation, straw bale structures require comparatively less energy to sustain thermal comfort conditions.

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Towards sustainable waste management through structural testing of rice straw bale cement plasters

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

N-halamines from rice straw

N-halamines from rice straw

Straw bale fire test on cement plaster mixes

Thermal performance of plastered rice straw bales and walls: a case study

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