Towards sustainable WEEE collection and transportation methods in circular economy - Comparative study for rural and urban settlements

Nowakowski, Piotr; Mrówczyńska, Bogna

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.12.016

Cited by 68 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Chemical characterization was done by combining various instrumental methods (optical emission spectrometry -OES, modifi ed cupellation method and X-ray fl uorescence spectrometry -XFR) for detailed analysis and process proposal. Preparation of the sample for analysis Original Scientifi c Paper Figure 1: The scope of materials stewardship [6] included the vacuum pyrolysis of 500 g sample (heating 3 h, 150 °C / h; treatment 1 h, 500 °C; cooling 4 h) to remove polymeric and other organic compounds (gases, liquids) that could jeopardize the pyrometallurgical process. This is also a step in the pretreatment of the sample for pyro-hydrometallurgical treatment of e-waste.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of technology metals from waste electronics

Mandić¹,

Đokić²,

Gajić³

et al. 2019

J Appl Eng Science

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The rising criticality of technologically inevitably metals and the continuous growth of the waste electronics promote a scientifi c need for development of innovative recycling process, both effi cient and selective. Experimental results showed primarily that by pyrometallurgical treatment it is diffi cult to achieve selectivity, and secondary that the distribution of metals in melting products is too complicated, deviating from the experiential and expected. Therefore, application of an integral pyro-hydrometallurgical treatment is suggested for improved raw materials effi ciency. Successful implementation of the developed state-of-art technological process, guarantee more effi cient approach to recycling processes, production of new materials which supports the concepts of sustainable development and cleaner production. Proposed technological solution is applicable in industry with relatively low investments compared to expected revenues, allowing companies to become competitive in the regional market and beyond, which is particularly important for small and medium enterprises with lower operating capacities. Techno-economic justifi cation and integral pyro-hydrometallurgical process for waste electronics recycling is presented. This paper explains measures for the further development of the recycling industry as a part of circular economy strategy in Serbia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally speaking, the main goal of the circular economy is to minimize the use of natural resources and to eliminate waste accomplishing zero waste strategy. Current recycling practice is not suffi cient for today's economic strategy [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of technology metals from waste electronics

Mandić¹,

Đokić²,

Gajić³

et al. 2019

J Appl Eng Science

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“…Since 2005, many authors such as [6] have worked on this topic like supply chain reverse design for WEEE collection. In 2018, several authors, such as [7], were working on this topic in the same way, incorporating additional elements to modeling.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for collection of Waste Electrical and Electronical Equipment in Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga

Arias-Osorio

Ríos-Mercado

Tamayo-Morantes

2020

redin

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In this paper, a model for the collection of waste electrical and electronic equipment is designed based on a problem of location and vehicle routing. Two main phases are carried out: The localization phase, in which the WEEE collection points are defined from a series of potential points, involving the novelty about the assignment of different types of devices to each of those points. And, the routing phase in which the collection routes are designed to minimize the associated costs. A case study is analyzed for the collection of WEEE in communes 6, 7 and 8 of Bucaramanga. For the localization phase, a mixed integer linear programming model is developed, which is solved with the GAMS software. The capacitated vehicle routing problem CVRP is addressed with the objective of minimizing the costs associated with the distance traveled by the vehicle for each of the assigned collection points, and a GRASP metaheuristic with local search operators is proposed as a solution technique to solve this second phase. The algorithm was programmed in MATLAB Software and validated with instances of the literature, showing good results for the defined case study.

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“…As the Brussels urban context has an undeniable influence on the collection results, transposition into an urban area of a model similar to that applied in the WR would be inappropriate. As pointed out by Nowakowski and Mrówczyńska (2018), the development of collection channels of WEEE in an urban area should take into account urban constrains like parking difficulties, limited space for containers, … More broadly, to organize the collection in a way that takes into account the local context, waste management systems should evolve. So far, the collection of WEEE has been implemented by pursuing a topdown approach: regional policies arise mainly from national or European decisions.…”

Section: Improvement Of the Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative assessment of WEEE collection in an urban and rural context: Case study on desktop computers in Belgium

Gonda

D’Ans

Debouverie

2019

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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In order to comply with the targeted collection rates set by new European waste management regulations, a better knowledge of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) collection flows is needed. This paper highlights the importance of considering the regional spatial context to develop an appropriate waste collection strategy. Through material flow analysis, we compare the collection flows of end-of-life desktop computers in two neighbouring regions and link the differences of collection rates with spatial ones. The Brussels Capital Region (BCR), an urban area, and the Walloon Region (WR), a mixed urban-rural area with a predominance of rural areas, are chosen as case studies. The quantities and collection flows of end-of-life desktop computers are estimated by combining statistics and reporting data. Globally, in the WR, 70.99% of end-of-life desktop computers are collected in accordance with the WEEE Directive while only 32.98% are in the BCR. This difference may be related to spatial context. For instance, the high population density increases the built-up areas and limits space for waste collection infrastructures. As a consequence, in the BCR, only 22.29% of end-of-life desktop computers from households are captured by compliant collection channels against 84.80% in the WR. The collection from businesses still needs to be developed in both regions but also suffers from this lack of infrastructures. While the reliability assessment of our estimates emphasizes a lack of data regarding noncompliant collection channels, our results underline the need to take into account the regional spatial context in setting up the collection of WEEE.

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Towards sustainable WEEE collection and transportation methods in circular economy - Comparative study for rural and urban settlements

Cited by 68 publications

References 68 publications

Production of technology metals from waste electronics

Production of technology metals from waste electronics

A model for collection of Waste Electrical and Electronical Equipment in Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga

A comparative assessment of WEEE collection in an urban and rural context: Case study on desktop computers in Belgium

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