2020
DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02387-0
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Towards the clinical translation of optogenetic skeletal muscle stimulation

Abstract: Paralysis is a frequent phenomenon in many diseases, and to date, only functional electrical stimulation (FES) mediated via the innervating nerve can be employed to restore skeletal muscle function in patients. Despite recent progress, FES has several technical limitations and significant side effects. Optogenetic stimulation has been proposed as an alternative, as it may circumvent some of the disadvantages of FES enabling cell type–specific, spatially and temporally precise stimulation of cells expressing li… Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(17 citation statements)
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References 164 publications
(237 reference statements)
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“…Therefore the recently described expandable integrated optoelectronic mash with µLEDs allows quasi panoramic illumination 69 which could be applied simultaneously but also sequentially to simulate physiological contractility waves. On the other hand, the thinness of the SMC layers allows the use of blue light activated ChR variants although red light can be applied with much higher energies without toxic effects 26 . The best suited ChR variant can thus be freely chosen and will be determined by the optimal kinetics but also less pronounced inward rectification 46 and thus more effective depolarization to activate Ca 2+ channels.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Therefore the recently described expandable integrated optoelectronic mash with µLEDs allows quasi panoramic illumination 69 which could be applied simultaneously but also sequentially to simulate physiological contractility waves. On the other hand, the thinness of the SMC layers allows the use of blue light activated ChR variants although red light can be applied with much higher energies without toxic effects 26 . The best suited ChR variant can thus be freely chosen and will be determined by the optimal kinetics but also less pronounced inward rectification 46 and thus more effective depolarization to activate Ca 2+ channels.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, the immune response against the combination of the various parts required for this treatment have to be carefully characterized and prevented 26 , 84 . Importantly, we herein deliver only a proof-of-concept for the mere feasibility to control gastric contractions as well as motility ex vivo .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Similar approaches for light delivery and collection have previously been used for optical coherence tomography (Lee et al, 2013; Lorenser et al, 2013), endoscopy (Lemire-Renaud et al, 2010; Lorenser et al, 2013), temperature sensing (Musolino et al, 2016), and monitoring of opsin-eGFP expression (Diester et al, 2011), but they have not been applied to infer and manipulate neuronal activity. Notably, application of the FFP system is not limited to neuroscientific research, but it can also be employed for other excitable cells: For example, tools for simultaneous delivery and collection of light are requested for all-optical readout and control of cardiac activity (Entcheva, 2013; Entcheva & Bub, 2016; Entcheva & Kay, 2021; O’Shea et al, 2019) and skeletal muscles (Gundelach et al, 2020). In addition, the conceptual simplicity and potential for miniaturization may be of particular advantage when considering mobile devices, such as in research involving freely moving animals or even clinical applications.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Optogenetic stimulation can also effectively depolarize skeletal myofibers or motor axons, typically using ChR2. This potentially offers greater spatial and temporal precision as compared to direct electrical stimulation [ 89 ]. To our knowledge these techniques have not yet been applied to the tongue and/or XII nerve, and this represents a promising research opportunity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%