Towards the End of Drying of Granular Materials: Enhanced Evaporation and Drying‐Induced Collapse

Wang, Zhongzheng; Maillet, Benjamin; Pereira, Jean‐Michel; Gan, Yixiang

doi:10.1029/2021wr030125

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…When the water content reached 25% and 40% successively, the swelling strain was about 10% and 23%, respectively. During the drying process, the shrinking strain also experienced the constant rate, decelerating rate and zero rate, which is consistent with the experimental results of Wang et al [43] and Tang et al [44] et al Generally, the drying experiment took around 76 hours to complete. In Fig.…”

Section: Vertical Swelling and Shrinkage Testssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…With further drying, no measurable water was present in the upper region of the specimen, suggesting that the propagation of drying front was progressive. During the drying process, the liquid water evaporated from the clay-sand mixtures also through a succession of regimes, including the constant and decreasing rate period, which is similar to the drying process of nondeformable porous medium [43,48]. In the constant rate period, evaporation of water at surface is supplied by capillary flow (corresponding to the 25% water content in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The resonance frequency was 21.36 MHz for 1 H at a low magnetic field of 0.52T. Through CPMG (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) experiment, the T2 spectrum can be obtained, which reads as [43]:…”

Section: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study on the microscopic swelling-shrinking mechanisms of clay-sand mixtures from wetting to drying

Tong,

Pereira,

Huang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Micro-computed tomography and low-field nuclear magnetic technologies were employed to investigate the evolution of the water occurrence and particle behaviors of the montmorillonite-kaolinite-quartz sand mixtures along a wetting-drying cycle. During the wetting-drying process, the total saturation was linearly related to the sample height. The cutoff values between the adsorbed water, capillary water and bulk water were roughly determined as 2.5 ms and 50 ms, respectively. In the wetting stage, the swelling under lower water content was dominated by adsorbed water, but it mainly depended on the linear increase in capillary water under higher water content. In the drying stage, the water distribution along the height was divided into apparent dry region, capillary flow region and saturated region. With continuous drying, the first region gradually expanded and the second reduced. Compared with nondeformable porous media, the range of them was smaller. If further dried to 5% water content, there will be only adsorbed water. The capillary water content was found to be linear with the sample height during drying. Consequently, the inconsistency of swelling-shrinkage deformations was mainly attributed to the hysteresis of capillary water. This work will provide basic experimental data and guidance for the subsequent simulations and theoretical model.

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Section: Vertical Swelling and Shrinkage Testssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Experimental study on the microscopic swelling-shrinking mechanisms of clay-sand mixtures from wetting to drying

Tong,

Pereira,

Huang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…35 This made it possible to measure the proportion of bulk water in a compacted clay 36 (bound water was not directly detected) or the interlayer water content in smectite clays as a function of relative humidity and counterions. 37 It was also used to follow the characteristics of drying of loosely packed wet glass beads at low initial water content 38 and to understand the behavior of ethanol and cyclohexane molecules in cement pastes. 39 Finally, this approach was used to follow the fractions of bound (in cell walls) and free water (in lumens) in drying wood samples.…”

Section: ■ Dynamic Relaxometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic NMR Relaxometry as a Simple Tool for Measuring Liquid Transfers and Characterizing Surface and Structure Evolution in Porous Media

2022

Self Cite

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Porous media containing voids which can be filled with gas and/or liquids are ubiquitous in our everyday life: soils, wood, bricks, concrete, sponges, and textiles. It is of major interest to identify how a liquid, pushing another fluid or transporting particles, ions, or nutriments, can penetrate or be extracted from the porous medium. High-resolution X-ray microtomography, neutron imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging are techniques allowing us to obtain, in a nondestructive way, a view of the internal processes in nontransparent porous media. Here we review the possibilities of a simple though powerful technique which provides various direct quantitative information on the liquid distribution inside the porous structure and its variations over time due to fluid transport and/or phase changes. It relies on the analysis of the details of the NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) relaxation of the proton spins of the liquid molecules and its evolution during some process such as the imbibition, drying, or phase change of the sample. This rather cheap technique then allows us to distinguish how the liquid is distributed in the different pore sizes or pore types and how this evolves over time; since the NMR relaxation time depends on the fraction of time spent by the molecule along the solid surface, this technique can also be used to determine the specific surface of some pore classes in the material. The principles of the technique and its contribution to the physical understanding of the processes are illustrated through examples: imbibition, drying or fluid transfers in a nanoporous silica glass, large pores dispersed in a fine polymeric porous matrix, a pile of cellulose fibers partially saturated with bound water, a softwood, and a simple porous inclusion in a cement paste. We thus show the efficiency of the technique to quantify the transfers with a good temporal resolution.

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Prediction of the weighted-mean soil water diffusivity in supporting the falling rate stage of evaporation

Wang

2024

Advances in Water Resources

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Towards the End of Drying of Granular Materials: Enhanced Evaporation and Drying‐Induced Collapse

Cited by 6 publications

References 71 publications

Experimental study on the microscopic swelling-shrinking mechanisms of clay-sand mixtures from wetting to drying

Experimental study on the microscopic swelling-shrinking mechanisms of clay-sand mixtures from wetting to drying

Dynamic NMR Relaxometry as a Simple Tool for Measuring Liquid Transfers and Characterizing Surface and Structure Evolution in Porous Media

Prediction of the weighted-mean soil water diffusivity in supporting the falling rate stage of evaporation

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