Towards the Systematic Discovery of Immunomodulatory Adjuvants

Flower, Darren R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5070-2_9

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 135 publications

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“…Cationic liposomes are such strong activators of the immune system. As already mentioned above, selective cellular responses may be required to offer efficient immunity to influenza [ 109 ]. To achieve this goal, genetic adjuvants and cytokines may be efficient.…”

Section: Innate Immunity and Immunogenic And Physicochemical Propertimentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and prospects of adjuvants in influenza vaccination - messy precipitates or blessed opportunities?

Jalilian¹,

Christiansen²,

Einarsson³

et al. 2013

Molecular and Cellular Therapies

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Influenza is a major challenge to healthcare systems world-wide. While prophylactic vaccination is largely efficient, long-lasting immunity has not been achieved in immunized populations, at least in part due to the challenges arising from the antigen variation between strains of influenza A virus as a consequence of genetic drift and shift. From progress in our understanding of the immune system, the mode-of-action of vaccines can be divided into the stimulation of the adaptive system through inclusion of appropriate vaccine antigens and of the innate immune system by the addition of adjuvant to the vaccine formulation. A shared property of many vaccine adjuvants is found in their nature of water-insoluble precipitates, for instance the particulate material made from aluminum salts. Previously, it was thought that embedding of vaccine antigens in these materials provided a “depot” of antigens enabling a long exposure of the immune system to the antigen. However, more recent work points to a role of particulate adjuvants in stimulating cellular parts of the innate immune system. Here, we briefly outline the infectious medicine and immune biology of influenza virus infection and procedures to provide sufficient and stably available amounts of vaccine antigen. This is followed by presentation of the many roles of adjuvants, which involve humoral factors of innate immunity, notably complement. In a perspective of the ultrastructural properties of these humoral factors, it becomes possible to rationalize why these insoluble precipitates or emulsions are such a provocation of the immune system. We propose that the biophysics of particulate material may hold opportunities that could aid the development of more efficient influenza vaccines.

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Section: Innate Immunity and Immunogenic And Physicochemical Propertimentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and prospects of adjuvants in influenza vaccination - messy precipitates or blessed opportunities?

Jalilian¹,

Christiansen²,

Einarsson³

et al. 2013

Molecular and Cellular Therapies

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In silico prediction of cancer immunogens: current state of the art

Doytchinova

Flower

2018

BMC Immunol

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Cancer kills 8 million annually worldwide. Although survival rates in prevalent cancers continue to increase, many cancers have no effective treatment, prompting the search for new and improved protocols. Immunotherapy is a new and exciting addition to the anti-cancer arsenal. The successful and accurate identification of aberrant host proteins acting as antigens for vaccination and immunotherapy is a key aspiration for both experimental and computational research. Here we describe key elements of in silico prediction, including databases of cancer antigens and bleeding-edge methodology for their prediction. We also highlight the role dendritic cell vaccines can play and how they can act as delivery mechanisms for epitope ensemble vaccines. Immunoinformatics can help streamline the discovery and utility of Cancer Immunogens.

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Towards the Systematic Discovery of Immunomodulatory Adjuvants

Cited by 2 publications

References 135 publications

Properties and prospects of adjuvants in influenza vaccination - messy precipitates or blessed opportunities?

Properties and prospects of adjuvants in influenza vaccination - messy precipitates or blessed opportunities?

In silico prediction of cancer immunogens: current state of the art

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