Tower mast of precipitation over the central Tibetan Plateau summer

Fu, Yunfei; Liu, Guosheng; Wu, Guoxiong; Yu, Rucong; Xu, Youping; Wang, Yu; Li, Rui; Liu, Qi

doi:10.1029/2005gl024713

Cited by 96 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The former usually has three (or four) layers from rain top to near surface: crystal, mixed ice and water, and droplet collision (evaporation) layer. In contrast, the latter commonly has three layers: crystal, mixed ice and water, and water layer (Liu and Fu 2001;Fu et al 2003Fu et al , 2006. TRMM 2A25 products can offer both the precipitation types and three dimensional rainfall structures (Iguchi et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal phase of late-night against late-afternoon of stratiform and convective precipitation in summer southern contiguous China

Yuan

et al. 2009

Clim Dyn

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Using the tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) observations combined with the surface rain gauge data during 1998-2006, the robust diurnal features of summer stratiform and convective precipitation over the southern contiguous China are revealed by exploring the diurnal variations of rain rate and precipitation profile. The precipitation over the southern contiguous China exhibits two distinguishing diurnal phases: late-night (2200-0600 LST) and late-afternoon (1400-2200 LST), dependent on the location, precipitation type and duration time. Generally, the maximum rain rate and the highest profile of stratiform precipitation occur in the late-afternoon (late-night) over the southeastern (southwestern) China, while most of the stratiform short-duration rain rate tends to present late-afternoon peaks over the southern China. For convective precipitation, the maximum rain rate and the highest profile occur in the lateafternoon over most of the southern contiguous China, while the convective long-duration rain rate exhibits latenight peaks over the southwestern China. Without regional dependence, the convective precipitation exhibits much larger amplitude of diurnal variations in both near surface rain rate and vertical extension compared with stratiform precipitation and the convective rain top rises most rapidly between noon and afternoon. However, there are two distinctive sub-regions. The diurnal phases of precipitation there are very weakly dependent on precipitation type and duration time. Over the eastern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau, the maximum rain rate and the highest profile of either convective or stratiform precipitation occur in the late-night. Over the southeastern coastal regions, both the near surface rain rate and rain top of convective and stratiform precipitation peak in the late-afternoon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal phase of late-night against late-afternoon of stratiform and convective precipitation in summer southern contiguous China

Yuan

et al. 2009

Clim Dyn

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“…The vertical cross-sections along the A-B, C-D, and E-F paths in Figure 3a are shown in Figure 4. This shows that the top altitude of the strong convective precipitation system reached above 15 km (Figure 4a), which is slightly lower than the maximum that Fu et al [27] found, in their study of the convective precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau during summer: more than 17 km. The convection of the heavy rain was very strong; its maximum precipitation intensity surpassed 50 mm·h −1 , and the convective center was at a height of about 5 km above the ground surface.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Vertical Structurementioning

confidence: 69%

“…The convection of the heavy rain was very strong; its maximum precipitation intensity surpassed 50 mm·h −1 , and the convective center was at a height of about 5 km above the ground surface. The strong convective precipitation clouds showed a columnar shape, whereas Fu et al [27] found a "steamed-bun" shape in their study of the convective precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau during summer-a slight difference. The strongest clouds moving upward from the surface extended to about 12 km (Figure 4b), although the A-B ( Figure 4a) and E-F (Figure 4c) paths extended only to about 10 km.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Vertical Structurementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Characteristics Of Vertical Structurementioning

confidence: 98%

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A Case Study of a Heavy Rain over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2016

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This research systematically studied heavy rain that occurred on 5 August 2014 over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (31 • N-35 • N, 96 • E-103 • E) using orbital data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR), the TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) products, and the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) Re-Analysis Interim reanalysis data (ERA-Interim). The data studied included spatial and temporal distributions of the precipitation; horizontal distributions and vertical structures of the precipitation system; convective storm top altitudes and types of rain; mean rainfall profiles; the influence of water vapor content before and after the rainfall; and the atmospheric circulation background. The results suggest that most precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau occurs in the southeast, and that the maximum near-surface precipitation rate for this event was more than 100 mm·h −1 . The convection was so powerful that the convective storm top altitude surpassed 16 km. Furthermore, the water vapor content caused obvious changes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) area. The mean rainfall profile can be roughly divided into four layers and showed that the maximum rainfall rate appeared at about 5.5 km. Deep weak precipitation provided the largest contribution to the total precipitation, while the highest average precipitation rate was from deep strong convective precipitation. The atmospheric circulation situation is conducive to the formation of strong convective weather, and the terrain is also an external factor affecting precipitation for this event.

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“…The PR has a unique capability of detecting 3-dimensional structures of precipitation and also can distinguish stratiform precipitation and convective precipitation on the pixel scale [3][4][5]. These functions make TRMM PR the most important spaceborne instrument for obtaining knowledge about global precipitation and latent heat [6][7][8][9][10]. In particular, its accumulated long-term record has been widely applied to climatological studies [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Significant impacts of the TRMM satellite orbit boost on climatological records of tropical precipitation

Liu

2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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With the unprecedented spaceborne precipitation radar (PR), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite has collected high-quality precipitation measurements for over ten years. The TRMM/PR data are nowadays extensively exploited in numerous meteorological and hydrological fields. Yet an artificial orbit boost of the TRMM satellite in August 2001 modulated the observation parameters, which inevitably affects climatological applications of the PR data and needs to be clarified. This study investigates the orbit boost effects of the TRMM satellite on the PR-derived precipitation characteristics. Both the potential impacts on precipitation frequency (PF) and precipitation intensity (PI) are carefully analyzed. The results show that the total PF decreases by 8.3% and PI increases by 4.0% over the tropics after the orbit boost. Such changes significantly exceed the natural variabilities and imply the strong effects of orbit boost on precipitation characteristics. The impacts on stratiform precipitation and convective precipitation are inconsistent, which is attributed to their distinct precipitation features. Further analysis reveal that the increased PI of stratiform precipitation is mainly due to the decreased frequencies of light precipitation, while the semi-constant PI of convective precipitation is caused by the concurrently decreased frequencies of light and heavy precipitation. A modification is applied to the post-boost PR precipitation data to retrieve the actual trends of tropical precipitation characteristics. It is found that the PI of total-precipitation approximately keeps invariable from 1998 to 2005. The total PF has no obvious trend over tropical oceans but decreases considerably over tropical lands.

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Tower mast of precipitation over the central Tibetan Plateau summer

Cited by 96 publications

References 15 publications

Diurnal phase of late-night against late-afternoon of stratiform and convective precipitation in summer southern contiguous China

Diurnal phase of late-night against late-afternoon of stratiform and convective precipitation in summer southern contiguous China

A Case Study of a Heavy Rain over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Significant impacts of the TRMM satellite orbit boost on climatological records of tropical precipitation

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