Townships in Transition: Women's Caring Keeps the Township Together*

Bak, Maren

doi:10.1080/03057070802037928

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The study was conducted in Khayelitsha, Cape Town. Khayelitsha is one of the largest townships on the eastern outskirts of Cape Town, nearly 30 kilometres from the city centre, with over 500, 000 residents, the majority of whom are Xhosa-speaking [ 42 , 43 ]. Townships were developed for Black South Africans through the segregation policies of the apartheid government in (1948–1994).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Townships were developed for Black South Africans through the segregation policies of the apartheid government in (1948–1994). The majority of Xhosa-speaking people living in townships such as Khayelitsha, migrated from the Eastern Cape and live in informal settlements in order to seek employment [ 42 ]. High unemployment, violence, crime, substance abuse and intolerable living conditions such as inadequate sanitation and overcrowding are rampant [ 42 – 44 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of Xhosa-speaking people living in townships such as Khayelitsha, migrated from the Eastern Cape and live in informal settlements in order to seek employment [ 42 ]. High unemployment, violence, crime, substance abuse and intolerable living conditions such as inadequate sanitation and overcrowding are rampant [ 42 – 44 ]. Some of the township’s inhabitants live in corrugated iron shacks without running water and electricity although some live in formal housing [ 43 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Filling the treatment gap: developing a task sharing counselling intervention for perinatal depression in Khayelitsha, South Africa

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPerinatal depression is a major public health issue especially in low income settings in South Africa, where there is a shortage of mental health professionals. New psychological interventions delivered by non-specialists are needed to fill the treatment gap. This paper describes the process of developing a manual based task sharing counselling intervention for perinatal depression in Khayelitsha, Cape Town.MethodsQualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 participants, including service providers and service users at a clinic in Khayelitsha in order to explore the feasibility, acceptability and content of a task sharing counselling intervention. The interviews were recorded, translated and transcribed. Themes were identified using the framework analysis approach and were coded and analysed using NVivo v10. After the semi-structured interviews, a workshop was conducted with mental health experts on evidence-based psychological interventions for depression, together with a document review of counselling manuals for community health workers in South Africa.ResultsThe findings indicate that a task sharing counselling intervention was acceptable and feasible for depressed women in Khayelitsha, under the following conditions: (1) respondents preferred a female counsellor and felt that clinic based individual sessions should be provided at least once a month by an experienced Xhosa speaking counsellor from the community; and (2) the content of a counselling intervention should include psycho-education on cognitive and behavioural effects of depression, how to cope with interpersonal problems, and financial stressors. Based on these conditions, the review of manuals and expert consultation, key components of the counselling intervention were identified as: psycho-education, problem solving, healthy thinking and behaviour activation. These were included in the final counselling manual.ConclusionThe development of task sharing counselling interventions for perinatal depression should be informed by the views and needs of local service users and service providers. The study illustrates the manner in which these views can be incorporated for the development of evidence-based psychological interventions, within a task sharing framework in low and middle-income countries.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0873-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Filling the treatment gap: developing a task sharing counselling intervention for perinatal depression in Khayelitsha, South Africa

et al. 2016

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“…primarily to White South African citizens (Makhulu 2016; White 2001). Nonetheless, Black South Africans continued to participate in this labour system because the wages they earned were crucial to supporting their rural‐based families and communities (Bak 2008; Button, Moore & Seekings 2018; Ferguson 2015). Even though this state‐policed labour regime ended before the official democratic transition (Wells 1993), many Black South Africans continue to rely on remittances from labour migrants today to survive persistent and acute poverty (Spiegel 2018).…”

Section: Distributive Livelihoods Within the South African Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking entrepreneurship through distribution: distributive relations and the reproduction of racialized inequality among South African entrepreneurs

Beresford

2020

Royal Anthropological Inst

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Entrepreneurship is commonly understood as the identification, evaluation, and execution of a market‐based opportunity to produce profits. But anthropological scholarship shows that capitalism, and market relations more broadly, cannot function without acts of distribution. Focusing on two different groups of entrepreneurs across the racialized socioeconomic divides of Cape Town, South Africa – White South African entrepreneurs in the city's central business district and Black South African entrepreneurs in the city's largest township of Khayelitsha – this article compares the distributive resources that entrepreneurs use to launch and maintain their businesses. I show that the productive capacity of all entrepreneurs depends upon the distributive resources that are available to them, gained primarily from access to intergenerational wealth or from lateral modes of reciprocity and social support. But more importantly, I demonstrate how these distributive resources and activities reproduce the structural economic inequalities of racial capitalism, which are rooted in South Africa's colonial and apartheid history. I conclude by discussing the implications that this has for the ways that anthropologists discuss the potential of distributive strategies among marginalized populations, as well as the way that scholars and policy‐makers understand the economic potential of entrepreneurial practice.

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“…Also, women who have family members or friends nearby are not necessarily more secure in their daily lives either, as family and friends are often perpetrators of violence and other crimes, which suggests a serious lack of social cohesion in poor South African communities (Chipkin and Ngqulunga 2008). In townships and other urban settings, men are also often away for extended periods of time, such as to work in distant mines; women are involuntarily left responsible for maintaining the “social fabric” of the township (Bak 2008) and are burdened by caring for family members, rather than being able to rely on them or develop as many external and possibly useful social ties in the workplace as men do. However, it appears that virtually no research examines how men are vulnerable in similar circumstances, and the extent to which networks ameliorate potentially burdensome situations.…”

Section: Social Capital Network and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered social capital in a Johannesburg township

Myroniuk

2016

Sociological Focus

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Social capital research rarely takes a gendered approach. This article explores how black women and men from a marginalized community in Johannesburg, South Africa, rely on family, friends, and community members to survive and strategize for the future by utilizing social capital. The results from 30 semi-structured interviews and ego network mapping illustrate that gender moderates the type of social capital used and benefits associated with bonding and bridging social capital in important ways. This research builds upon knowledge of gendered advantages and disadvantages in social networks and informs researchers how women and men survive in pervasive poverty. I posit that identifying potential sources of support is an important consideration within social capital or any network research because the prospect of receiving assistance in the future undoubtedly alters the development of these individuals’ livelihood strategies.

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Townships in Transition: Women's Caring Keeps the Township Together*

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Filling the treatment gap: developing a task sharing counselling intervention for perinatal depression in Khayelitsha, South Africa

Filling the treatment gap: developing a task sharing counselling intervention for perinatal depression in Khayelitsha, South Africa

Rethinking entrepreneurship through distribution: distributive relations and the reproduction of racialized inequality among South African entrepreneurs

Gendered social capital in a Johannesburg township

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