Toxaphene (Camphethlor). A Special Report

doi:10.1351/pac197951071583

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Formerly, it has been one of the most thoroughly used organochlorine insecticides in many parts of the world. More than 10 6 t have been applied from 1947 to 1985 especially for cotton pest control as well as on soya beans, vegetables, and small grains ( − ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and Spectroscopic Investigation of Two Hexachlorobornanes from Six Environmentally Relevant Toxaphene Components by Reductive Dechlorination in Soil under Anaerobic Conditions

Fingerling

Hertkorn

Parlar

1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Six pure polychlorinated bornanes isolated from technical toxaphene, namely, Parlar 32 (toxicant B), Parlar 42a (toxicant A 1 ), Parlar 42b (toxicant A 2 ), Parlar 49a, Parlar 56, and Parlar 59, as well as the technical mixture were investigated as to their fate in a loamy silt under anaerobic conditions by laboratory studies taking 4 or 6 months. All test substances shared the geminal dichloro group in the C-2 position and, additionally, one chlorine atom each in the C-5 endo and C-6 exo positions, respectively. Reductive dechlorination was the major reaction leading to a sequential removal of a chlorine atom from each geminal dichloro group. Generally, in the first step of transformation, all six compounds lost a chlorine atom from the geminal dichloro group in the C-2 position, preferentially from the endo-position. The dechlorination rate was in the order of nonachlorobornanes > octachlorobornanes > heptachlorobornanes. While the two monodechlorination products formed from Parlar 32 underwent no further transformation, those products with additional geminal dichloro groups lost further chlorine atoms from exactly these groups. Finally, all six compounds formed two very stable end-metabolites in different ratios, which have been isolated and identified as 2-exo, 5endo,6-exo,8c,9b,10aand 2-endo,5-endo,6-exo, 8c,9b,10a-hexachlorobornane. Additionally, one of these end-metabolites was identified as the major product of the degradation of technical toxaphene after 6 months. † Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H.-D. Scharf on the occasion of his 65th birthday.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and Spectroscopic Investigation of Two Hexachlorobornanes from Six Environmentally Relevant Toxaphene Components by Reductive Dechlorination in Soil under Anaerobic Conditions

Fingerling

Hertkorn

Parlar

1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Technical toxaphene is a complex mixture of more than 200 polychlorinated C 10 -terpenes (). Formerly, it has been one of the most thoroughly used chlorinated pesticides in different parts of the world ( , ). More than 10 6 t have been applied from 1947 to 1985.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Chlorinated Camphenes and Bornenes in Technical Toxaphene

Kimmel

Coelhan

Leupold

et al. 2000

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The unsaturated C 10 -components and their amounts in technical toxaphene have been characterized with the help of column chromatography/FTIR spectroscopy using the typical absorption bands of the >CdC< valence bonds in the region between 1590 and 1655 cm -1 . The sum of unsaturated compounds is approximately 5%. The results of the analysis of 2500 fractions collected show that ca. 70% of the unsaturated compounds are chlorocamphenes, while the rest are chlorobornenes. Most of the chlorocamphenes contain a monochlorinated exo-double bond (2.37% w/w of the whole mixture) and only a minor part contain either an unsubstituted (0.67%) or a dichlorinated axial double bond (0.11%). In the case of chlorobornenes, congeners with dichlorinated double bonds dominate (1.24%), while the amounts of chlorobornenes with mono-and unsubstituted double bonds are negligible (0.01% and 0.12%).

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Chemische Industrie/Blickpunkt Analytik Chlorierte Bornan–Derivate –eine neue Klasse umweltrelevanter Chemikalien

Parlar

1991

Nachr. Chem. Tech. Lab.

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Das Vorkommen von Polychlorbiphenylen (PCB), Cyclodien–lnsektiziden und Verbindungen der DDT/DDE–Gruppe in Umweltproben ist seit langem bekannt. In den letzten Jahren wurde jedoch im Rahman rückstandsanalytischer Untersuchungen immer häufiger eine weitere Gruppe von chlorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen, die der Chlorbornane, in zum Teil hohen Konzentrationen nachgewiesen. Die Verbindungen stammen zum größten Teil aus dem Insektizid Toxaphen oder aus verwandten Produkten wie Melipax oder Stroban. Um ihre möglichen Auswirkungen auf die Biosphäre beurteilen zu können, ist es notwendig, ihre ökochemischen und toxikologischen Daten zu bestimmen.

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Toxaphene (Camphethlor). A Special Report

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Formation and Spectroscopic Investigation of Two Hexachlorobornanes from Six Environmentally Relevant Toxaphene Components by Reductive Dechlorination in Soil under Anaerobic Conditions

Formation and Spectroscopic Investigation of Two Hexachlorobornanes from Six Environmentally Relevant Toxaphene Components by Reductive Dechlorination in Soil under Anaerobic Conditions

FTIR Spectroscopic Characterization of Chlorinated Camphenes and Bornenes in Technical Toxaphene

Chemische Industrie/Blickpunkt Analytik Chlorierte Bornan–Derivate –eine neue Klasse umweltrelevanter Chemikalien

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