Toxic and photodynamic effects of toluidine blue on living bull spermatoza

Duijn, C. Van

doi:10.1016/0014-4827(62)90189-1

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This explanation does not, however, account for the distribution of et al (17,18) for bull and human spermatozoa (which can be shown to be logarithmic), since cell growth is not involved here. Although our plot of the translatory speed of the sea urchin spermatozoon after data by Gray (19) yields a Gaussian distribution, and although the normal curve of Van Duijn's studies (20) appears to be Gaussian, a slight skewness was found in the large series of normal bull sperm by Rikmenspoel (21) and in the experimental material of Van Duijn (22,23). Even though head mass and size are presently considered to be of little influence on motility, it remains to refinements of the Rikmenspoel technique or to other new approaches with higher sensitivity to G. (14).…”

Section: The Logarithmic Distributionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Study of Bull Spermatozoa

Bahr

Zeitler

1964

The Journal of Cell Biology

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The electron microscope has been used to determine the characteristic dimensions and the distribution of the dry mass in bull spermatozoa. The most important result is that all characteristic data are occurring in logarithmic distributions. Furthermore, no correlation between such parameters as head weight and tail weight or head length and tail length was found. T h e occurrence in logarithmic distributions and the non-correlation of parts in the assembly of a spermatozoon are considered to reflect significant biologic principles. Methodologically, a new procedure is added to quantitative electron microscopy permitting the recording of the mass cross-section (total mass per unit length) of an object. This approach makes possible determinations of the distribution and the total mass of very long and narrow structures. I N T R O D U C T I O NPresently several major theories are under discussion attempting to explain the movement of spermatozoa. The quantitative physical data on the respective species of spermatozoa supporting the theories were obtained with the aid of a light microscope. In the majority of species, however, two dimensions of the propellant structure of spermatozoa are smaller or just slightly larger than one wave length of visible light. Astonishingly little quantitative information is available in the electron microscopy literature. The obvious need for more precise and, preferably, quantitative data on sperm structure and physiology was recently emphasized in a review article by Bishop (l). One of the methods of choice to provide these is electron microscopy, which is capable not merely of rendering morphologic facts but of furnishing quantitative physical information as well. This paper reports such data on the dry mass, geometry of sperm structures, and their correlation. Fawcett's nomenclature (2-4) of sperm structure is used in this article. M A T E R I A L SBull semen samples for quantitative study were obtained from two purebred Holstein bulls 1 (Nos. [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. Samples were collected in centrifuge tubes with the aid of an artificial vagina, chilled on crushed ice, and so transferred to the laboratory. Portions of the semina were then diluted 1:5 with saline (0.9 per cent NaC1) and immediately centrifuged at low speed (~500 g) for 5 minutes. After the supernatant was decanted the sediments were resuspended in saline by gently inverting the centrifuge tube several times. Centrifugation was then repeated. Finally the sediment was resuspended in an equal volume of saline. Smears were prepared from this suspension by the procedure previously described for crythrocytes (5). This involved rapid heat fixation of the smear at 100°C and a 5 minute rinse in 95 per cent ethyl alcohol or distilled water.As in the quantitative study of erythrocytcs (5), Parlodion was used to support the specimens, since 1 We are obliged to Dr. Charles A. Kiddy and Mr.

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Section: The Logarithmic Distributionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Study of Bull Spermatozoa

Bahr

Zeitler

1964

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…TBO eyedrops (1% solution) has been used for diagnosis of premalignant lesions and ocular surface squamous neoplasia (22). The mutagenic effect and toxicity of TBO have been extensively reported (23)(24)(25)(26). The toxic interaction of TBO with RNA was studied by Popa et al using gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry (27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of Binding Mechanism of Photodynamic Therapeutic Agent Toluidine Blue O with Chicken Egg White Lysozyme by Spectroscopic and Molecular Dynamics Studies

Shanmugaraj

Umadevi

Lakshmipathi

et al. 2017

Photochem & Photobiology

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The nature of binding mechanism of toluidine blue O (TBO) with chicken egg white lysozyme was studied comprehensively by various spectroscopic and computational methods. Both steady state and time-resolved fluorescence studies unambiguously point to the prevalence of static quenching mechanism in lysozyme-TBO system. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the association of TBO with lysozyme was a spontaneous process in which hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions played a pivotal role in the binding process. The secondary and tertiary conformational changes of lysozyme in the presence of TBO were unraveled using absorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and circular dichroism (CD) techniques. Molecular docking studies of lysozyme-TBO system substantiated the findings of site marker experiment and revealed TBO adjacent to Trp-63 and Trp-108 residues of lysozyme. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies of lysozyme-TBO system indicate a stable and effective complexation of TBO with lysozyme. It is hoped that the results presented here will enable further understanding of TBO toxicity.

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“…The number JV per unit volume, of spermatozoa moving normally, has been found to decrease exponentially with time during the limited periods actually investigated (Rikmenspoel, 1957b(Rikmenspoel, , 1960; Rikmenspoel 8c Van Duijn, 1960), according to: Nt = No.e-kt (6) Whether this relationship would hold over an extended range is doubtful, since according to (6) the number of moving specimens would only become zero at Velocity characteristics of spermatozoa 285 infinite time, which is obviously impossible, the last specimen in reality be¬ coming immotile at a very finite time indeed (Van Duijn, 1961a). However, since it was found generally to hold over at least two or more half-life periods (Van Duijn, 1962), the half-life periods i»(JV) determined over a total period of storage of at least 20 hr can be used as a valuable criterion. The mean half-life period of the number of normally moving spermatozoa in forty-three ejaculates from sixteen bulls was 60 ±7-6 (s.e.)…”

Section: Ageing Effectsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Velocity Characteristics and Numbers of Bull Spermatozoa in Relation to Ageing, Determined by Photo-Electric Methods

Duijn¹

1962

Reproduction

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With Rikmenspoel's photo-electric method, the initial mean velocity and number of normally moving bull spermatozoa per unit volume, the velocity frequency distributions and the rates of decrease of numbers and velocity with time have been studied, using a standard egg-yolk-citrate diluent at pH 6\m=.\75 (= 6\m=.\80at 37\s=deg\ C). The distribution of mean velocities between ejaculates differs significantly from a Gaussian one, but conforms within measuring error with a logarithmic distribution. No significant differences in initial velocity of the spermatozoa between bulls were found on random sampling with respect to feeding and keeping conditions and season.A positive correlation was found between the number of normally moving spermatozoa Nmov per unit volume and the total sperm concentration (r = +0\m=.\43), and a negative correlation between Nmov and the mean velocity \ l =v_\ (r = -0\m=.\54). There was no correlation between the mean velocity and total sperm concentration (r = 0\m=.\06).Ageing was studied on storage for 20 hr or longer in a Dewar vessel with ice. The velocity decrease with time -\ m=par t i al \ \ l =v _\ / \ m=par t i al \ t was 0\ m=. \ 66\ m=+-\ 0\ m=. \ 39(\g=m\/sec) /hr (s.e. = \m=+-\0\m=.\06), mode 0\m=.\30 (\g=m\/sec)/hr, and the half-life period of the number of normally moving spermatozoa t\m=1/2\(N) was 60 \m=+-\44(s.d.) (s.e. = \ m=+-\ 7\ m=. \ 6) with a mode of 30 hr. Significant correlations were found between -\ m=par t i al \ \ l =v_\ / \ m=par t i al \ t and the initial mean velocity \ l =v_\ 0 (r = +0\m=.\57) and between log ( -\ m=par t i al \ \ l =v_\ / \ m=par t i al \ t ) and log t\m=1/2\(N)(r = -0\m=.\40).There was no correlation between the initial number of normally moving spermatozoa N0 per unit volume and t\m=1/2\(N)(r =0\m=.\114; 0\m=.\50

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Toxic and photodynamic effects of toluidine blue on living bull spermatoza

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Study of Bull Spermatozoa

Study of Bull Spermatozoa

Elucidation of Binding Mechanism of Photodynamic Therapeutic Agent Toluidine Blue O with Chicken Egg White Lysozyme by Spectroscopic and Molecular Dynamics Studies

Velocity Characteristics and Numbers of Bull Spermatozoa in Relation to Ageing, Determined by Photo-Electric Methods

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