Toxic Contamination of Nutraceuticals and Food Ingredients

Gil, Fernando; Hernández, Antonio F.; Martín-Domingo, M. Concepción

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802147-7.00058-9

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…This study compared the WHO RMPPL to the PTWI and found notable differences between them. To illustrate this point, the literature lists both the dietary intake guidelines, but does not recommend one over the other, nor does one guideline seem to supersede the other [45,78,79]. Existing literature, furthermore, does not address conflicting findings, which can cause delay and indecision in developing and utilizing universal guidelines.…”

Section: Differences Between the Who Rmppl And The Ptwi Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Risk of Metal(loid)s in Thelesperma megapotamicum Tea Plant

Samuel-Nakamura

Hodge

2019

Plants

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This study reports on the harvesting, ingestion, and contamination of American Indian tea Thelesperma megapotamicum grown on the Navajo Reservation in New Mexico. Uranium (U) and co-metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Cs, Mo, Pb, Se, Th, and V) have contaminated local soil and plants. Tea plants were gathered for analysis near U mining impacted areas. The study collected samples of wild tea plants (n = 14), roots (n = 14), and soil (n = 12) that were analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Tea harvesting activities, behavior, and ingestion information were collected via questionnaires. Harvesting took place in community fields and near roadways. Results indicate edible foliage concentration levels for Cd exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) raw medicinal plant permissible level guidelines. Tea samples collected near high traffic areas had significantly greater Cd and Mo concentrations than those collected near low traffic areas (p < 0.001). Tea sample metal(loid) concentration levels ranged from 0.019–7.916 mg/kg. When compared to established food guidelines including the WHO provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), reference dietary intake, recommended dietary allowance, and the tolerable upper limit (UL), Cd exceeded the WHO guidelines but none exceeded the PTWI nor the UL. These findings warrant improved standardization and establishment of universal guidelines for metal(loid) intake in food.

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Section: Differences Between the Who Rmppl And The Ptwi Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Risk of Metal(loid)s in Thelesperma megapotamicum Tea Plant

Samuel-Nakamura

Hodge

2019

Plants

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“…In case of some nutraceuticals, the occurrence of side effects and toxicity have been described. First of all, nutraceuticals can be contaminated with pesticides, fertilizers, metals, or other toxic plants [ 188 ]. Second, the intake of high doses of nutraceuticals for a long time can be associated with side effects.…”

Section: Are Nutraceuticals Always Safe?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Nutraceuticals Beneficial in Chronic Kidney Disease?

et al. 2021

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem in which prevalence is constantly rising. The pathophysiology of CKD is complicated and has not been fully resolved. However, elevated oxidative stress is considered to play a vital role in the development of this disease. CKD is also thought to be an inflammatory disorder in which uremic toxins participate in the development of the inflammatory milieu. A healthy, balanced diet supports the maintenance of a good health status as it helps to reduce the risk of the development of chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Numerous studies have demonstrated that functional molecules and nutrients, including fatty acids and fiber as well as nutraceuticals such as curcumin, steviol glycosides, and resveratrol not only exert beneficial effects on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways but also on gut mucosa. Nutraceuticals have attracted great interest recently due to their potential favorable physiological effects on the human body and their safety. This review presents some nutraceuticals in which consumption could exert a beneficial impact on the development and progression of renal disease as well cardiovascular disease.

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“…The global consumption of nutraceuticals is dramatically increasing, which is driven by the mistaken assumption that they are safe because they are either a food or food derivative [214]. However, side effects and toxicity have been continuously reported not only due to ingestion of the nutraceutical itself but also owing to the possibility of contamination.…”

Section: New Insight Into the World Of Nutrac- Euticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, side effects and toxicity have been continuously reported not only due to ingestion of the nutraceutical itself but also owing to the possibility of contamination. Nutraceuticals could be contaminated with pesticides, other toxic plants, metals, fertilizers or even deliberate adulteration with chemical drugs [214]. Additionally, due to the complex nature of herbal products and the presence of many phytochemicals, many studies reported the incidence of drug-herbal interaction after co-administration [215].…”

Section: New Insight Into the World Of Nutrac- Euticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutraceuticals’ Novel Formulations: The Good, the Bad, the Unknown and Patents Involved

Helal

Eassa

Amer³

et al. 2019

DDF

112

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: Traditional nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals hold pragmatic nature with respect to their definitions, claims, purposes and marketing strategies. Their definitions are not well established worldwide. They also have different regulatory definitions and registration regulatory processes in different parts of the world. Global prevalence of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals is noticeably high with large market share with minimal regulation compared to traditional drugs. The global market is flooded with nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals claiming to be of natural origin and sold with a therapeutic claim by major online retail stores such as Amazon and eBay. Apart from the traditional formulations, many manufacturers and researchers use novel formulation technologies in nutraceutical and cosmeceutical formulations for different reasons and objectives. Manufacturers tend to differentiate their products with novel formulations to increase market appeal and sales. On the other hand, researchers use novel strategies to enhance nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals activity and safety. : The objective of this review is to assess the current patents and research adopting novel formulation strategies in nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals. Patents and research papers investigating nutraceutical and cosmeceutical novel formulations were surveyed for the past 15 years. Various nanosystems and advanced biotechnology systems have been introduced to improve the therapeutic efficacy, safety and market appeal of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, quantum dots, nanoparticles, and dendrimers. This review provides an overview of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals current technologies, highlighting their pros, cons, misconceptions, regulatory definitions and market. This review also aims in separating the science from fiction in the nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals development, research and marketing.

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Toxic Contamination of Nutraceuticals and Food Ingredients

Cited by 18 publications

References 91 publications

Occurrence and Risk of Metal(loid)s in Thelesperma megapotamicum Tea Plant

Occurrence and Risk of Metal(loid)s in Thelesperma megapotamicum Tea Plant

Are Nutraceuticals Beneficial in Chronic Kidney Disease?

Nutraceuticals’ Novel Formulations: The Good, the Bad, the Unknown and Patents Involved

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