Toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in European waters – recent progress achieved through the CYANOCOST Action and challenges for further research

Meriluoto, Jussi; Bláha, Luděk; Bojadzija, Gorenka; Bormans, Myriam; Brient, Luc; Codd, Geoffrey A.; Drobac, Damjana; Faassen, Elisabeth J.; Fastner, Jutta; Hiskia, Anastasia; Ibelings, Bastiaan Willem; Kaloudis, Triantafyllos; Kokociński, Mikołaj; Kurmayer, Rainer; Pantelić, Dijana; Quesada, Antonio; Salmaso, Nico; Tokodi, Nada; Triantis, Theodoros M.; Visser, P.; Svirčev, Zorica

doi:10.4081/aiol.2017.6429

Cited by 58 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…Regarding to MC‐LR, there are several studies in the scientific literature in HepG2 cells but most of them used lower concentrations than in the present work as they were focused on the study of toxicity mechanisms and not in deriving EC 50 values (ie, Refs. ). Chong et al concluded that MC‐LR did not cause cytotoxic effects in HepG2 cells and other hepatic cell line in 48–96 h of exposure to concentrations up to 100 μg/mL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Also, Sabart et al, reported that the concentration of each cyanotoxin changes spatially and temporally during a bloom. In Europe, Meriluoto et al also evidenced the occurrence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, highlighting CYN as a toxin of growing importance in European waters and elsewhere. Other authors have also reported the simultaneous occurrence of different cyanobacterial toxins, although up to date the number of studies are still very scarce .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxic and morphological effects of microcystin‐LR, cylindrospermopsin, and their combinations on the human hepatic cell line HepG2

Gutiérrez-Praena

Guzmán-Guillén

Pichardo

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) are toxins produced by different cyanobacterial species, which are found mainly in freshwater reservoirs. Both of them can induce, separately, toxic effects in humans and wildlife. However, little is known about the toxic effects of the combined exposure, which could likely happen, taking into account the concomitant occurrence of the producers. As both cyanotoxins are well known to induce hepatic damage, the human hepatocellular HepG2 cell line was selected for the present study. Thus, the cytotoxicity of both pure cyanotoxins alone (0-5 μg/mL CYN and 0-120 μg/mL MC-LR) and in combination for 24 and 48 h was assayed, as long as the cytotoxicity of extracts from CYN-producing and nonproducing cyanobacterial species. The potential interaction of the combination was evaluated by the isobologram or Chou-Talalay's method, which provides a combination index as a quantitative measure of the two cyanotoxins interaction's degree. Moreover, a morphological study of the individual pure toxins and their combinations was also performed. Results showed that CYN was the most toxic pure cyanotoxin, being the mean effective concentrations obtained ≈4 and 90 μg/mL for CYN and MC-LR, respectively after 24 h. However, the simultaneous exposure showed an antagonistic effect. Morphologically, autophagy, at low concentrations, and apoptosis, at high concentrations were observed, with affectation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. These effects were more pronounced with the combination. Therefore, it is important to assess the toxicological profile of cyanotoxins combinations in order to perform more realistic risk evaluations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic and morphological effects of microcystin‐LR, cylindrospermopsin, and their combinations on the human hepatic cell line HepG2

Gutiérrez-Praena

Guzmán-Guillén

Pichardo

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Moreover, the appearance or reappearance of potentially invasive alien species due to poorly managed introductions and fish restocking, and the increasingly frequent appearance or spread of toxic or harmful species (e.g, dangerous algal blooms, jellyfish), as a result of physical, chemical and ecological alterations of terrestrial and marine water bodies, have become themes of strong scientific and socio-economic interest (Boero et al, 2016;Hamilton et al, 2014;Meriluoto et al, 2017a;Wells and Bengt, 2018). This was confirmed by our survey's answers.…”

Section: Cluster 1 Where Are Aquatic Sciences Today?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and future of aquatic sciences: The perspective of AIOL scientific community for a priority roadmap over the next five years

Alvisi

D’Alelio

2018

Adv Ocean Limnol

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Water issues represent an increasing societal challenge, since the 70% of Planet Earth is covered by water. The intensive use of the hydrosphere is changing the structure and functions of aquatic ecosystems and their ability to produce goods and services that are useful to humans. It is therefore necessary that the scientific community makes citizens aware of the results of scientific research on these issues and informs them about the need to intensify the study of the mechanisms that underlie the ongoing changes in aquatic ecosystems. To help meet this need, within the 23rd Congress of the Italian Association of Oceanology and Limnology (AIOL; http://www.aiol.info/), entitled "Functioning, alteration and recovery of aquatic ecosystems: the aquatic sciences to understand global change and to make the citizens aware of it" (Cagliari, Italy, 26-29 September 2017), all participants, among which some renown experts in the field of aquatic sciences, were invited to give their contribution, via a shared and bottom-up built questionnaire, in assessing a set of actions needed to achieve an adaptive and proactive management of changes that the aquatic sciences are going to face in the next five years. The results of this survey allowed us to identify a set of priorities that funding agencies should include in their economic and financial planning in the next future. Among all, we pinpoint that there is an urgent need in: (i) promoting sustainable food production by exploiting aquatic systems; (ii) diffusing an opportune spatial planning integrating ecosystem-based management approaches; (iii) developing recovery/remediation plans for contaminated sites; iv) promoting conservation of ecosystems by assessing their conservation status, first of all the water/ecosystem quality; (v) fostering the technological development of sustainable and integrated tools and procedures for environmental monitoring; (vi) developing a better forecasting capacity, particularly of extreme events, by implementing long-term research networks; and, ultimately, (vii) supporting a wider society learning processes and a more effective transfer of knowledge from science to society.

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“…Similarly to other toxic cyanobacteria, P. rubescens produces several microcystin (MC) congeners, most of them highly toxic for animals and humans (Meriluoto et al, 2017;Metcalf and Codd, 2012). The formation of cyanobacterial blooms in waters used for drinking purposes has been associated to the occurrence of human cancer in a number of countries (Fleming et al, 2002;Svircev et al, 2009;Ueno et al, 1996;Zhou et al, 2002).…”

Section: Vertical and Horizontal Distribution Of The Microcystin Prodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical and horizontal distribution of the microcystin producer Planktothrix rubescens (Cyanobacteria) in a small perialpine reservoir

et al. 2017

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Among cyanobacteria, Planktothrix rubescens (De Candolle ex Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek is a species that is well adapted to develop in moderately nutrient rich and deep lakes. In this typology of waterbodies, the competitive abilities of this species rely in its capacity to stand and growth in the dimly illuminated metalimnetic layer during the warmer months. In this work, we have studied the seasonal development and distribution of this species in Lake Ledro, a meso-oligotrophic reservoir located in the Eastern Alps. During the last decade, this species has given rise to numerous and extended surface bloom episodes, causing the reddening of vast areas of the lake. In summer, the light intensities in the zone of greater development of this cyanobacterium (the metalimnion, between the euphotic depth and the layer of maximum development of the species) were between 2 and 20 µmol m -2 s -1 , i.e. values that were well within the light intensities required to sustain the optimal growth of filaments. The formation of the autumn and winter blooms was triggered by the cooling of surface waters and the deepening of the mixed layer, which, eroding the metalimnion, entrained the filaments of P. rubescens in the surface mixed layers. The formation of the surface blooms was associated with the presence of high amounts of microcystins, which in a few occasions reached concentrations between 10 and 22 µg L -1 , posing potential problems for the exploitation of water resources.

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Toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in European waters – recent progress achieved through the CYANOCOST Action and challenges for further research

Cited by 58 publications

References 127 publications

Cytotoxic and morphological effects of microcystin‐LR, cylindrospermopsin, and their combinations on the human hepatic cell line HepG2

Cytotoxic and morphological effects of microcystin‐LR, cylindrospermopsin, and their combinations on the human hepatic cell line HepG2

Present and future of aquatic sciences: The perspective of AIOL scientific community for a priority roadmap over the next five years

Vertical and horizontal distribution of the microcystin producer Planktothrix rubescens (Cyanobacteria) in a small perialpine reservoir

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