“…Consequently, the fusion of superhydrophobicity with the photocatalytic decomposition of organic compounds has garnered considerable attention from the research community in recent years [26][27][28][29]. Semiconductor oxides such as TiO 2 [30], SnO 2 [31], ZnO [32], NiO [33], Cu 2 O [34], and CuO [35] are extensively utilized as photocatalysts in the degradation of various pollutants, encompassing dyes, organic contaminants, natural organic substances, and pharmaceutical compounds. Notably, copper oxide (CuO), featuring a band gap within the range of 1.2~2.1 eV, stands out as a critical p-type semiconductor renowned for its catalytic, optical, antimicrobial, and cost-efficient attributes [36][37][38].…”