Toxic effect of the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides on the spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus

Abstract

The dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides isolated from Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California, showed an important short-term toxic effect on the spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus. This microalga was able to decrease fish liver catalase activity and lipid peroxidation. Fish exposed to live dinoflagellates developed an abnormal mucus secretion on the gills that was directly related to algal cell concentration. Hepatic catalase inhibition and an increase in mucus secretion on the gills occurred when fish were exposed to 2 x 10(6) cells L(-1) of C. polykrikoides. Lipid peroxidation was significantly different at 4 x 10(6) cells L(-1) and the hepatosomatic index decreased at 3 x 10(6) cells L(-1). Our results suggest that oxidative stress contributes, at least in part, to the ichthyotoxic effect of C. polykrikoides from the Gulf of California.

Metagenomic Sequencing Identifies Highly Diverse Assemblages of Dinoflagellate Cysts in Sediments from Ships’ Ballast Tanks

“…It is noteworthy that we detected the cysts of two Ribo-types of Margalefidinium polykrikoides using single-cell PCR sequencing. This dinoflagellate has caused substantial mortality in caged fish with its ichthyotoxic mechanism unknown [177,178,179]. The reported occurrences of HABs caused by M. polykrikoides have greatly increased and geographically expanded in the past two decades [177] and its cysts have been found in ballast tanks of ships arriving to multiple ports in Canada and the United States [17,24] and in this study.…”

Cell Death and Metabolic Stress in Gymnodinium catenatum Induced by Allelopathy

“…•− ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and hydroxyl radicals (HO • ) [19][20][21][22][23][24], as well as hemolysins, hemagglutinins and polyunsaturated fatty acids [25][26][27]. Gymnodinium impudicum does not produce toxins [28]; however, it excretes exopolysaccharides that can cause fish death, due to the blocking of gills [29][30][31].…”

“…Chattonella marina var. marina and M. polykrikoides are known to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radical (O 2 ●− ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and hydroxyl radicals (HO ● ) [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], as well as hemolysins, hemagglutinins and polyunsaturated fatty acids [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Gymnodinium impudicum does not produce toxins [ 28 ]; however, it excretes exopolysaccharides that can cause fish death, due to the blocking of gills [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Time Series Mesoscale Response of Atlantic MenhadenBrevoortia tyrannusto Variation in Plankton Abundances

“…The toxic effects of C. polykrikoides blooms, potentially increasing fish mortality within hours to days , coupled with significant correlations, suggest the impacts of dense blooms of this dinoflagellate can have immediate negative impacts on fish. Importantly, these effects have been observed in both planktivorous and nonplanktivorous fish (Dorantes-Aranda et al, 2010;Gobler et al, 2008).…”