Toxic Effects of Administration of Cypermethrin, Vitamin E, Zinc and Their Mixtures on the Hormonal Levels of Thyroid, Kidney Functions and some Biochemical Parameters in Male Mice

Abstract

The present study investigates the effects of cypermethrin (CYP) on thyroid gland function, serum lipogram, kidney function, some liver enzymes and brain acetylcholinestrase (AchE) activity in male mice. Cypermethrin was administrated orally to mice at 9 mg/kg b.wt/day for 4 weeks (Dose period) followed by 2 weeks of ceasing treatments (recovery period). Male mice were randomly divided into five groups of eight each: a control (untreated check group) (1), CYP-treated group (2), CYP (9 mg/kg/day) +vitamin E (18 mg/kg/day) (3), CYP + zinc (20 mg/kg/day) (4) and CYP+E+zinc (5). Results revealed that triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were significantly decreased in CYPgroup compared to control. In addition, the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was also affected and recorded a significant increase by the treatments of CYP alone and CYP+vit E during the administration period. Also, significant increases of some biochemical parameters of kidney function (uric acid and creatinine) in serum were observed in CYPgroup compared to control. The administration of zinc with CYP group (4) improved all parameters studied (uric acid, creatinine, T3, T4 and TSH) as compared with control. The level of total lipid was significantly decreased, while triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were significantly increased by cypermethrin administration. The activity of liver and serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were significantly increased after CYP administration, while the results showed marked reduction of liver glutathione (GSH) concentration and the activity of glutathione-stransferase (GST). After cypermethrin administration with vitamin E, the activities of GGT, GST, and GSH level were significantly decreased compared to control. Moreover, inhibition percentage of brain acetylcholinestrase (AchE) activity was 62.98% by cypermethrin alone, but other groups (3), (4) and (5) had no effect on brain AchE activity. Results demonstrated the beneficial influence of vitamin E and zinc addition in combinations to reduce the harmful effects of cypermethrin.