Toxic effects of an anionic detergent on the gills of rainbow trout

Abel, P.D.; Skidmore, J. F.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(75)90068-8

Cited by 81 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the present study, changes to plasma membranes were common, but even in necrotic cells, membranes were not completely disrupted. These findings are therefore similar to those reported by Abel &'skidmore (1975) in trout gills exposed to an anionic detergent. Crenation of the plasma membrane of erythrocytes was also seen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…By contrast, there has been substantial research, including the pioneering work of Schmid & Mann (1961) on the pathological changes caused by anionic detergents, especially in gill tissues (Lemke & Mount 1963, Abel & Skidmore 1975, Mallatt 1985. In the present study, Zephiran was used to examine the effects of a catlonic detergent upon the blood chemistry and tissues (primary gills) of rainbow trout Salmo gairdn eri.…”

Section: Addressee For Correspondence Winthrop Laboratoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a cationic detergent on the gills and blood chemistry of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

Byrne¹,

Ferguson²

1989

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Rainbow trout 23 to 30cm in fork length were exposed to various concentrations (1 to 40ppm) of a cationic, quaternary ammonium compound, Zephiran. Three ppm was used as a reference value, as this level is recommended at the water hardness found in Southern Ontario (Canada). Gills were examined using light microscopy, scanning and transn~ission electron microscopy. Changes were observed in gills from fish exposed to all concentrations of Zephiran, becoming more severe as the concentration and/or number of exposures increased. Gills were severely spongiot~c and necrotic, and there was much lamellar fusion through apposition. Membrane vesiculation, hydropic degeneration, and exfoliation of lamellar and interlamellar epithelium were also present. Blood chemistry was examined following the second exposure of fish to 3 ppm Zephiran. Haematocrit, serum protein and serum albumin concentrations increased significantly, whereas sodium, chloride and magnesium concentrations decreased; phosphorus, calcium and potassium levels did not change significantly. It is suggested that fish became hypoxic as a result of damage to the gills and that this resulted in a respiratory acidosis causing loss of serum water to the hyperosmotic extravascular tissues. Sodium and chloride were probably lost to the surrounding water via diffusion through the damaged lamellar epithelium. The dramatic drop in sodium and chloride concentration corroborates the severity of lesions seen histologically and ultrastructurally following exposure to Zephiran. In conclusion, the use of Zephiran in the treatment of fish bacterial d~seases (e.g. bacterial gill disease) is not recommended in light of the severe changes which follow exposure to therapeutic concentrations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Addressee For Correspondence Winthrop Laboratoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a cationic detergent on the gills and blood chemistry of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

Byrne¹,

Ferguson²

1989

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Their purpose is to orient at the oil-water interface, lower interfacial tension, and thus facilitate the formation of small (<100 m) mixed oil-surfactant micelles (Canevari, 1973(Canevari, , 1978National Research Council, 1989). The acute toxicity of dispersants is generally attributed to the effects of their surface-active components on biological membranes; the typical reaction to surfactant exposure involves disruption of respiratory cells, often resulting from electrolytic and/or osmotic imbalance (Abel, 1974;Abel and Skidmore, 1975;McKeown and March, 1978;Wells, 1984;National Research Council, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Acute Aquatic Effects of the Oil Dispersant Corexit 9500 with Those of Other Corexit Series Dispersants

Singer

George

Jacobson

et al. 1996

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…The gills also excrete nitrogen compounds. The gills are particularly sensitive for lowering pH (Mc Donald 1983), for heavy metal content in the water (V erbost et al 1987), detergent content (Abel et al 1975), pesticides (Eller 1971;Jara 1973;Virtanen 1986). The histopathologic changes (hyperemia, epithelial erosion, necrosis) occur, however, only when the fishes are exposed to lethal con centrations of the toxicants (Mallatt 1985).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) through gills and skin of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L

Kłyszejko¹,

Ciereszko²

1999

Acta Ichthyol. Piscat.

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Toxic effects of an anionic detergent on the gills of rainbow trout

Cited by 81 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of a cationic detergent on the gills and blood chemistry of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

Effects of a cationic detergent on the gills and blood chemistry of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

Comparison of Acute Aquatic Effects of the Oil Dispersant Corexit 9500 with Those of Other Corexit Series Dispersants

Absorption of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) through gills and skin of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L

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