Toxic effects of aqueous leaf extract of &lt;i&gt;Vernonia bipontini vatke&lt;/i&gt; on blood, liver and kidney tissue of mice

Alebachew, Mebratu; Kinfu, Yamrot; Makonnen, Eyasu; Bekuretsion, Yonas; Urga, Kelbessa

doi:10.4314/mejs.v5i2.91487

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…Preserved organs were histologically examined for pathological changes at different levels of treatment. Tissue sections of each sample were cut and prepared on clean slides for Hematoxylin-Eosin staining before mounting in neutral DPX medium (Adeoye et al, 2015;Mebratu et al, 2013). Prepared slides were examined under X 400 magnification microscope with a camera attached for photomicrographs.…”

Section: Histopathological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-biochemical and histopathological alterations in sub-chronically exposed mice (Mus Musculus) to polyherbal antimalarials

Omagha,

T Idowu,

G Alimba

et al. 2023

Drug Dicov

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Introduction: Concerns have been raised in the safety of antimalarial remedies for them to be acceptable for use. The present study is an assessment of safety profiles of two plant-based antimalarial cocktail treatments, namely: Cocktail treatment A (CtA) and Cocktail treatment B (CtB). Materials and methods: The treatments have been prepared from a defined mixture of hot water extracts of 6 plant parts, based on how they are used locally as antimalarials. CtA comprised Enantia chlorantha Oliv., Cymbopogon citratus Stapf, Curcuma longa L., while CtB comprised Enantia chlorantha Oliv., Carica papaya L., Alstonia boonei De Wild and Mangifera indica L. Safety assessments were done as post antimalarial exposures of CtA, CtB administered in mice at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg dose levels against Plasmoduim berghei berghei. Haematological parameters, biochemical parameters, and histopathological changes of vital organs were equally evaluated for mice sacrificed immediately after exposures on day 8 (D8) (suppressive), day 9 (D9) (curative), day 12 (D12) (prophylactic), day 6 (D6) (treated/unparasitized). These results of acute effects of the treatments were compared with corresponding curative, suppressive, prophylactic, treated/unparasitized groups of treated mice which were sacrificed on day 25 (D25) for sub-chronic effects of the cocktails aganist P. berghei infected mice. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23.0. (p<0.05). Results: The treatments increased concentrations of packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cells and white blood cells, liver enzymes and oxidative stress biomarkers. However, these concentrations returned to normal levels by day 25 (D25). Heart and spleen morphology was normal in all the treatments. But pathological damages were observed in the kidney, liver and brain, indicating multi-organ toxicities. The damages were mostly observed in groups administered 400 and 800 mg/kg doses. Conclusions: Overall, findings demonstrated some toxicities associated with CtA and CtB antimalarials that could be transient, as demonstrated in some groups of the experimental mice where haematological and some biochemical parameters were returning to normal levels within 25 days post-treatment. Cautious administrations of these

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Section: Histopathological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-biochemical and histopathological alterations in sub-chronically exposed mice (Mus Musculus) to polyherbal antimalarials

Omagha,

T Idowu,

G Alimba

et al. 2023

Drug Dicov

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Effects of Vernonia amygdalina methanol leaf extract and fractions on Ascaridia galli in experimentally infected birds with regard to its pathological effect

et al. 2022

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Background Helminthiasis, usually a chronic problem in poultry, is the major cause of economic losses in the poultry industry. This study was undertaken with the aim of evaluating the in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic effects of Vernonia amygdalina methanol leaf extract and fractions on Ascaridia galli in experimentally infected birds. Standard protocols for extraction, phytochemical screening, isolation and infection of parasite and histological examination were followed. Result At 50 mg/ml albendazole (ALB) caused the highest inhibition of embryonation (97.3%) followed by crude methanol extract (CME) (94.5%), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) (81.3%) and butanol fraction (BF) (80.3%). The lowest faecal egg counts (FEC) and highest FEC at 21 days post-treatment were observed in the group treated with albendazole (99.2%) and CME at 800 mg/kg (96.9%). Deparasitization at 200 mg/kg caused by ALB was (93.8%), while at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg, CME was (77.5%, 87.5% and 91.86%), BF was (75.51%, 79.61% and 85.73%) and EAF was (73.48%, 75.5% and 81.63%), respectively. At post-mortem, broiler chickens infected with A. galli and treated with CME, BF and EAF at 200 mg/kg had desquamation of the villi while at 400 and 800 mg/kg treatments, the intestines were intact. Conclusion The extract and fractions of V. amygdalina were found to possess anthelmintic activity against A. galli due to the inhibition of embryonation of eggs and the reduction in faecal egg count; further research is required to fully ascertain their mechanism of action of the extract.

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Evaluation of In Vivo Toxicity of Dichloromethane: Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Prosopis juliflora in Female Wistar Albino Rats

KO¹,

DW²

2015

J Drug Metab Toxicol

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Prosopis juliflora (Mathenge) is an exotic, evergreen leguminous plant found in the dry Coastal, Rift Valley and Northern parts of Kenya. It is tolerant to extreme environmental conditions, rated among top 100 most invasive species worldwide. The species leaf extracts is used in folk cure to various ailments and have promising pharmacological properties however; information on their toxicity in animals and human is insufficient. The study assessed phytochemical composition of P. juliflora leaf extracts, effects on body weights, organ weights, hematological parameters, liver function markers and histopathology in major organs of Wistar albino rats. Acute toxicity test was carried out at 2000 mg/kg body weight followed by a 28 days sub chronic toxicity study at 100, 350 and 1000 mg/kg body weight extracts dosages. The control animals were administered with normal saline. Animals were monitored for physical and behavioral changes including death. They were fasted overnight on 28th day and sacrificed on anesthesia on 29th day. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Hematological and liver functions tests were done. Tissue sample of selected organs were processed for histopathology. Data from control and treated animals groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett's test. Phytochemicals confirmed included alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids and saponnins but no cardiac glycosides. Median lethal dose was estimated at above 2000 mg/kg body weight. Dose related transient toxicity symptoms included wheezing, decreased activity, and pilo erection. No significant toxicity effects on hematological parameters were noticed except in mean platelets volume. Similarly, no significant adverse effects occurred in liver function tests except at 1000 mg/kg body weight dosage. No significant adverse changes in plasma proteins, body weights and absolute organ weights were observed except in kidneys and spleen. Histological examination of sample tissues showed mild effects in spleen and kidneys but no adverse pathology in other organ tissues.

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Toxic effects of aqueous leaf extract of <i>Vernonia bipontini vatke</i> on blood, liver and kidney tissue of mice

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Clinico-biochemical and histopathological alterations in sub-chronically exposed mice (Mus Musculus) to polyherbal antimalarials

Clinico-biochemical and histopathological alterations in sub-chronically exposed mice (Mus Musculus) to polyherbal antimalarials

Effects of Vernonia amygdalina methanol leaf extract and fractions on Ascaridia galli in experimentally infected birds with regard to its pathological effect

Evaluation of In Vivo Toxicity of Dichloromethane: Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Prosopis juliflora in Female Wistar Albino Rats

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