Toxic effects of atrazine on immune function in BALB/c mice

Chang, Jiongjiong; Liang, Chunlai; Wang, Wei; Lyu, Yong; Mao, Weifeng; Yang, Hui; Jia, Xudong; Liu, Zhaoping; Song, Yan

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13360-4

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The results from routine blood biochemical test [ 19 ] showed that the total number of white blood cells (WBC) increased, but the total number of monocyte (MON) and lymphocyte (LYM) decreased after LPS injection compared with the rats in control group, which also reflected that LPS showed strong pro-inflammatory effect in the established rat model. Different concentrations of Tet reduced the inflammatory performance of routine blood test [ 20 ] in rats, but there was no significant difference compared with the normal group and LPS group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of Tetrandrine on optic nerve by inhibiting glial activation through NF-κB pathway

Li,

Cao,

Liu

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of Tetrandrine on optic nerve by inhibiting glial activation through NF-κB pathway

Li,

Cao,

Liu

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…This leads to atrophy of the glomerulus and vacuolization of the epithelial cells in the juxtamedullary renal tubules. This leads to a reduction in the excretion of creatinine and urea from the body, and the creatinine level in the blood rises [10- 12,13] reported that atrazine exposure at doses of 23, 90, and 360 mg/kg in female mice causes severe toxicity to hematologic parameters and liver and liver function tests with increasing atrazine dose increases. High doses of atrazine significantly reduce the number of lymphocytes, white blood cells, and monocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrazine-Induced Toxicity and Biochemical Changes in <i>Mus musculus</i>: the Ameliorative Efficacy of <i>Nigella sativa</i> L. (Ranunculaceae) Oil

Malik,

Arshad,

Batool

et al. 2024

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative potential of Nigella sativa oil (N.s) against the adverse effects induced by atrazine (ATZ) in mice. Four groups were divided into: Control group (untreated); N.s group (N. sativa oil, 2 mL/kg/BW); ATZ group (atrazine 200 mg/kg/BW); ATZ+N.s group (atrazine 200 mL/kg/BW; and N. sativa oil, 2 mL/kg/BW). All doses were administered by gavage once daily for 4 weeks. The atrazine-administered group showed a significant increase in total leukocytes, granulocytes, and agranulocytes and a decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and packed cell volume. Serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were high in the ATZ group. Atrazine exposure reduced serum albumin and total protein levels in the blood. A significantly higher concentration of bilirubin, urea, and creatinine was also found in the ATZ group. The simultaneous administration of atrazine and N. sativa led to improvements in all the parameters studied above. Thus, this study revealed that atrazine exposure has toxic effects on hematological parameters, liver, and kidney function, and that N. sativa oil reduces these toxic effects of atrazine in male mice.

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“…Furthermore, its adverse action on immunity has been extensively investigated (Qazi et al 2010 ; Guo et al 2019 ; Torres et al 2021 ; Liang et al 2022 ), indicating the reduced antibody response following vaccination as the critical effects (EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain 2018 ). ATR, which was associated with reproductive dysfunctions (Chevrier et al 2011 ; Hayes et al 2011 ; Goodman et al 2014 ; Namulanda et al 2017 ; Almberg et al 2018 ; Griffiths et al 2022 ; Owagboriaye et al 2022 ;), due to its ability to affect androgens and estrogen levels (Trentacoste et al 2001 ; Eldridge et al 2008 ), is able also to affect immune functionality, mainly inducing immunosuppression and acting on T cells (Filipov et al 2005 ; Pinchuk et al 2007 ; Rowe et al 2008 ; Zhao et al 2013 ; Lee et al 2016 ; Chang et al 2021 ; Galbiati et al 2021 ). CYP is considered able to alter immune functionality in rats (Liu et al 2006 ) and exert myelotoxicity in human cells (Mandarapu and Mrakhya 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of endocrine disruptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro: role of gender

Maddalon,

Cari,

Iulini

et al. 2023

Arch Toxicol

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Humans can be exposed to endocrine disruptors (EDs) in numerous ways. EDs can interfere with endogenous hormones at different levels, resulting in numerous adverse human health outcomes, including immunotoxicity. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate in vitro the possible effects of EDs on immune cells and possible gender differences. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy humans, both males and females, were exposed to 6 different EDs, namely atrazine (herbicide), cypermethrin (insecticide), diethyl phthalate (plasticizer), 17α-ethynylestradiol (contraceptive drug), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (persistent organic pollutant), and vinclozolin (fungicide). We evaluated the effect of EDs on RACK1 (receptor for activated C kinase 1) expression, considering it as a bridge between the endocrine and the immune system, and putatively used as screening tool of immunotoxic effects of EDs. The exposure to EDs resulted at different extent in alteration in RACK1 expression, pro-inflammatory activity, natural killer lytic ability, and lymphocyte differentiation, with sex-related differences. In particular, diethyl phthalate and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid resulted the most active EDs tested, with gender differences in terms of effects and magnitude. The results from our study evidenced the ability of EDs to directly affect immune cells.

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Toxic effects of atrazine on immune function in BALB/c mice

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Protective effect of Tetrandrine on optic nerve by inhibiting glial activation through NF-κB pathway

Protective effect of Tetrandrine on optic nerve by inhibiting glial activation through NF-κB pathway

Atrazine-Induced Toxicity and Biochemical Changes in <i>Mus musculus</i>: the Ameliorative Efficacy of <i>Nigella sativa</i> L. (Ranunculaceae) Oil

Impact of endocrine disruptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro: role of gender

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