Toxic effects of lead on plants: integrating multi-omics with bioinformatics to develop Pb-tolerant crops

Heavy Metal Contamination in Urban Soils: Health Impacts on Humans and Plants: A Review

“…The effects of heavy metals on plant metabolism involve disruptions in biochemical and physiological processes, impacting overall plant health, heavy metals interfere with photosynthesis by disrupting chlorophyll synthesis and light-harvesting complexes, compromising the plant's ability to convert sunlight into energy, these metals also disturb enzymatic activities involved in metabolic pathways, affecting respiration, nutrient assimilation, and the synthesis of secondary metabolites, the disruption of plant metabolism under heavy metal stress often leads to altered carbohydrate and protein metabolism, impacting the overall nutritional composition of the plant (Ilyas, et al, 2024).…”

Lead toxicity in plants: mechanistic insights into toxicity, physiological responses of plants and mitigation strategies

“…To overcome the toxic effects of Pb, plants employ numerous various defense mechanisms for instance synthesis and accumulation of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), which scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated under lead stress. 93 Enhanced antioxidant activity helps alleviate oxidative damage to cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. 94 Additionally, plants may change secondary metabolite production, including phytochelatins and metallothioneins, which chelate and sequester lead ions, reducing their availability and toxicity.…”