Toxic Effects of Marihuana Tar on Mouse Skin

Cottrell, John C.; Sohn, Seung S.; Vogel, Wolfgang

doi:10.1080/00039896.1973.10666275

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Cannabis is less densely packed than tobacco cigarettes and tends to be smoked without filters to a smaller butt size, leading to higher concentrations of smoke inhaled 4 . Several studies have shown precancerous histologic 5 and genetic 6 abnormalities in the respiratory tracts of cannabis smokers, and carcinogenic effects of cannabis smoke have been shown in vitro 7 and in different in vivo animal models 3,8 . An increased risk of lung cancer with cannabis smoking has been reported in most 9–12 but not all 13 case‐control studies that have investigated the association.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis use and cancer of the head and neck: Case‐control study

Aldington

Harwood

Cox³

et al. 2008

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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ObjectiveTo investigate whether cannabis smoking increases the risk of head and neck cancer.DesignCase-control study.Subjects and MethodsCases of head and neck cancer ≤55 years identified from hospital databases and the Cancer Registry, and controls randomly selected from the electoral roll completed interviewer-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk of head and neck cancer.ResultsThere were 75 cases and 319 controls. An increased risk of cancer was found with increasing tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and decreased income but not increasing cannabis use. The highest tertile of cannabis use (>8.3 joint years) was associated with a nonsignificant increased risk of cancer (relative risk = 1.6, 95% confidence interval, 0.5-5.2) after adjustment for confounding variables.ConclusionsCannabis use did not increase the risk of head and neck cancer; however, because of the limited power and duration of use studied, a small or longer-term effect cannot be excluded.

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confidence: 99%

Cannabis use and cancer of the head and neck: Case‐control study

Aldington

Harwood

Cox³

et al. 2008

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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“…[17][18][19] The chronic effects are similar to those of smoking tobacco, and there seems to be a relationship between smoking marijuana and neoplastic changes in the lungs. 20 Heavy marijuana use may be especially dangerous for adolescents during puberty. Such use has been associated with diminished sperm motility, decreased sperm counts, decreased circulating testosterone levels, 21,22 irregular ovulation, and decreased pituitary gonadotropin levels.…”

Section: Somatic Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marijuana: A Continuing Concern for Pediatricians

1999

Pediatrics

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Marijuana, the common name for products derived from the plant Cannabis sativa, is the most common illicit drug used by children and adolescents in the United States. 1 Despite growing concerns by the medical profession about the physical and psychological effects of its active ingredient, ⌬-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, survey data continue to show that increasing numbers of young people are using the drug as they become less concerned about its dangers. 1

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Respiratory and Immunologic Consequences of Marijuana Smoking

Tashkin

Baldwin

Sarafian

et al. 2002

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

157

122

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Habitual smoking of marijuana has a number of effects on the respiratory and immune systems that may be clinically relevant. These include alterations in lung function ranging from no to mild airflow obstruction without evidence of diffusion impairment, an increased prevalence of acute and chronic bronchitis, striking endoscopic findings of airway injury (erythema, edema, and increased secretions) that correlate with histopathological alterations in bronchial biopsies, and dysregulated growth of the bronchial epithelium associated with altered expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins involved in the pathogenesis of bronchogenic carcinoma. Other consequences of regular marijuana use include ultrastructual abnormalities in human alveolar macrophages along with impairment of their cytokine production, antimicrobial activity, and tumoricidal function. Cannabinoid receptor expression is altered in leukocytes collected from the blood of chronic smokers, and experimental models support a role for delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in suppressing T cell function and cell-mediated immunity. The potential for marijuana smoking to predispose to the development of respiratory malignancy is suggested by several lines of evidence, including the presence of potent carcinogens in marijuana smoke and their resulting deposition in the lung, the occurrence of premalignant changes in bronchial biopsies obtained from smokers of marijuana in the absence of tobacco, impairment of antitumor immune defenses by delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and several clinical case series in which marijuana smokers were disproportionately over represented among young individuals who developed upper or lower respiratory tract cancer. Additional well designed epidemiological and immune monitoring studies are required to determine the potential causal relationship between marijuana use and the development of respiratory infection and/or cancer.

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Toxic Effects of Marihuana Tar on Mouse Skin

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Cannabis use and cancer of the head and neck: Case‐control study

Cannabis use and cancer of the head and neck: Case‐control study

Marijuana: A Continuing Concern for Pediatricians

Respiratory and Immunologic Consequences of Marijuana Smoking

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