Toxic Effects of Pesticides on Humans, Plants, Animals, Pollinators and Beneficial Organisms

Abstract

Pesticides are a hidden threat to humans, animals, insects, as well as to all ecosystems. They control pests and play an important role in crop productivity and prevent vector borne-diseases in humans, but they also extremely pollute our surroundings. These toxic substances are found in soil, water, air, plants, food and feed. Their residues enter plants and animal products and accumulate in humans and animals by the food chain. They endanger our lives and put down our health, as well as demolish beneficial organisms in the environment. This paper expresses a piece of information that has been obtained from reviewing academic papers, books and other sources. People take these toxic chemicals from water, air, and agricultural products, as well as their surroundings. They are stored in humans and animals’ tissues or excreted by different routes, but their adverse effects have no end. Brain, kidneys, skin, gastrointestinal, liver, lungs, spleen and every organ of humans are suppressed by them. They cause various diseases, cancers, mutations, as well as lead to death. These chemicals destroy honeybees’ colonies and decrease pollinator’s populations. Additionally, birds, wildlife and soil organisms are extremely suppressed by the heavy application of pesticides. They damage human beings, animals, pollinators, honeybees, and soil microorganisms. Increasing the application of pesticides decreases the population of pollinators, honeybees, and other beneficial organisms, as well as impacts human health. If these living organisms are diminished, our lives are threatened by food shortage, a collapsed economy, and increased food and feed demand, therefore new crises including famine and diseases put down our prosperity. All pesticides should be used cautiously and need to develop a new type of pesticides that do not harm seriously our environment.

A Review: Pesticide Application in Agriculture and its Environmental Consequences

“…In every country, the poor and those most likely to be exposed to pesticides bear a disproportionate share of the possible health dangers. No population is fully safe from pesticide exposure (Hashimi et al, 2020). Pesticide poisoning kills and injures around a million people worldwide each year.…”

“…Over time, the substances may bioaccumulate in the body. Minor skin rashes can progress into cancer, genetic abnormalities, blood and nerve illnesses, endocrine system disruption, unconsciousness, and death after exposure (Gill and Garg, 2014;Hashimi et al, 2020). Pesticides have been associated with detrimental impacts on growth.…”

“…Pesticides can be harmful to non-target plants, birds, fish, beneficial insects, and weeds in addition to insects and weeds. Although insecticides are often the deadliest pesticides, herbicides can also be harmful to species that are not their intended targets (Gill and Garg, 2014;González-Rodríguez et al, 2011;Hashimi et al, 2020).…”

Can monocultures be resilient? Assessment of buffer capacity in two agroindustrial cropping systems in Africa and South America

“…Excessive use of pesticides in agroindustrial systems causes soil, water and air pollution, loss of biodiversity and human health impacts [21]. Ecological effects of agrochemicals include the possibility of adverse impacts on health, resistance of pests and diseases, weed resistance, and possible production of environmental toxins that move through the food chain and affect beneficial organisms, such as pollinators [7,[22][23][24].…”

Detection and Quantification of Chlorpyrifos in Soil, Milk, Dip Wash, Spray Race Residues Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Selected Dairy Farms in Kenya

“…Longterm exposure has been associated kidney and liver complications, disorder of the endocrine system nervous and immune system ailments and higher risk of lungs, breast, cervix and prostate cancer [13]. Further, environmental pollution with pesticides also affect aves, wildlife, water and domestic animal's inhabitants [14]. Chlorpyrifos (CP) has been widely used as an active compound in OPs containing acaricides to control ticks and tick bone diseases to boost livestock productivity [15].…”