“…9 Commonly produced effluents include heavy metals and metalloids, such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, and chromium, organic contaminants, such as dyes, surfactants, microplastics, humic substances, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), plasticizers, phenols, and drug residues, various inorganic salts, acids, and alkalis. [10][11][12][13] Recently, identified substances in wastewater, such as diverse group of chemicals and biological agents known as emerging substance of concern (ESOC) are causing growing concern in terms of their health and ecological effects. These groups of ESOC include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, disinfection byproducts, artificial sweeteners, flameretardants, hormones, steroids, perfluorinated compounds, and nanomaterials.…”