Toxic factors of Vibrio strains pathogenic to shrimp

Goarant, Cyrille; Herlin, José; Brizard, Raphaël; Marteau, Anne-Laure; Martin, Claude; Martin, Bernard

doi:10.3354/dao040101

Cited by 47 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This suggests that these factors are not endotoxins, such as lipopolysacharides, which are unaffected by such treatments (Montero & Austin 1999). These results agree with reports of a thermo-labile cytotoxic factor for juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris from V. penaeicida Strain AM101 (Goarant et al 2000), and 2 heat-sensitive protease fractions toxic for juvenile Penaeus monodon from the ECP of V. parahaemolyticus (Sudheesh & Xu 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…V. penaeicida Strains KH-1 (Ishimaru et al 1995) and AM101 (Costa et al 1998) were stored at -80°C and pre-cultured on Zobell agar medium (4 g l -1 peptone, 1 g l -1 yeast extract, 15 g l -1 agar, 250 ml distilled water, 750 ml artificial seawater) at 27°C for 24 h. To induce the production of ECP, each bacterial strain was cultured in brain heart infusion broth (BHI, Difco) in artificial seawater (2.3% w/v NaCl, 20 mM KCl, 5 mM MgSO 4 , 2 mM CaCl 2 ), under constant orbital shaking at 20°C for 48 h (Goarant et al 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different Vibrio extracellular products (ECP) have been identified and proposed as putative virulence factors in the species pathogenic to shrimp (Liu et al 1996, 1999a,b, Chen et al 1999, Harris & Owens 1999, Montero & Austin 1999. A thermo-labile cytotoxic factor was detected in the ECP from V. penaeicida, which produces 100% mortality in juvenile Litopenaeus stylirostris (Goarant et al 2000). Two toxic fractions isolated from V. parahaemolyticus ECP by gel filtration also produce similar mortality rates in Penaeus monodon (Sudheesh & Xu 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenicity of Vibrio penaeicida for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: a cysteine protease-like exotoxin as a virulence factor

Aguirre‐Guzmán¹,

Ascencio²,

Saulnier³

2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The pathogenicity of Vibrio penaeicida Strains KH-1 and AM101, their culture-free supernatant (CFS), and their protein fraction obtained by 40% of ammonium sulfate precipitation (PFs40) were assessed in experimental challenges against juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Live Vibrio cells, CFS, and PFs40 from the AM101 strain produced a significantly higher mortality (p < 0.05) compared to the KH-1 strain. Toxicity and median lethal doses (LD 50 ) of Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) products were evaluated on L. vannamei. The first FPLC fraction sample (A) from PFs40 of the AM101 strain displayed LD 50 values of 1.68 and 5.61 µg protein ind.-1 , respectively. The second FPLC process from Fraction A showed a peak (A1) also with toxic effects to shrimp. PFs40, Fraction A, and Peak A1 showed a 38.5 kDa molecular band (SDS-PAGE), with activity on a gelatin protease zymogram. The lethal effect of PFs40 and Fraction A was inhibited by Proteinase K, CuCl 2 , E-64, and heat (60 and 100°C) treatments, but was not inhibited by EDTA-Na 2 , aprotinin, and soy trypsin treatments. These results and the zymogram inhibition test suggest the presence of a cysteine protease-like proteinaceous exotoxin as a dominant protease, secreted by V. penaeicida Strain AM101. KEY WORDS: Vibrio penaeicida · Cysteine protease · Litopenaeus vannamei · Shrimp · Exotoxin · PathogenicityResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenicity of Vibrio penaeicida for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: a cysteine protease-like exotoxin as a virulence factor

Aguirre‐Guzmán¹,

Ascencio²,

Saulnier³

2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Indeed, standardized in vitro assays are necessary to screen for distinct activities covered by the generic term virulence, such as adherence and cytolytic effects. However, marine invertebrate cell lines do not exist, and so far the experiments to examine interactions between cells and pathogenic vibrios rely on primary lines of hemocytes maintained under survival conditions (4,8,23). Nevertheless, the use of such a cell population has drawbacks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metalloprotease Vsm Is the Major Determinant of Toxicity for Extracellular Products ofVibrio splendidus

Binesse

Delsert

Saulnier

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Genomic data combined with reverse genetic approaches have contributed to the characterization of major virulence factors of Vibrio species; however, these studies have targeted primarily human pathogens. Here, we investigate virulence factors in the oyster pathogen Vibrio splendidus LGP32 and show that toxicity is correlated to the presence of a metalloprotease and its corresponding vsm gene. Comparative genomics showed that an avirulent strain closely related to LGP32 lacked the metalloprotease. The toxicity of LGP32 metalloprotease was confirmed by exposing mollusk and mouse fibroblastic cell lines to extracellular products (ECPs) of the wild type (wt) and a vsm deletion mutant (⌬vsm mutant). The ECPs of the wt induced a strong cytopathic effect whose severity was cell type dependent, while those of the ⌬vsm mutant were much less toxic, and exposure to purified protein demonstrated the direct toxicity of the Vsm metalloprotease. Finally, to investigate Vsm molecular targets, a proteomic analysis of the ECPs of both LGP32 and the ⌬vsm mutant was performed, revealing a number of differentially expressed and/or processed proteins. One of these, the VSA1062 metalloprotease, was found to have significant identity to the immune inhibitor A precursor, a virulence factor of Bacillus thuringiensis. Deletion mutants corresponding to several of the major proteins were constructed by allelic exchange, and the ECPs of these mutants proved to be toxic to both cell cultures and animals. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Vsm is the major toxicity factor in the ECPs of V. splendidus.Vibrionaceae are a predominant family of gram-negative bacteria found in aquatic environments (30). Bacteria within this family demonstrate a high degree of genetic diversity and are able to colonize very different types of niches. They live freely as planktonic forms in the water column or are associated in biofilms or with host organisms as pathogenic, commensal, or mutualistic bacteria. To date, eight genome sequences from Vibrionaceae have been made available: those of Vibrio cholerae strains N16961 and 0395, V. parahaemolyticus RIMD2210633, V. vulnificus strains YJ016 and CMCP6, V. fischeri ES114, V. harveyi ATCC BAA-1116, and Photobacterium profundum SS9 (3,10,19,24,32). More recently, we have completed the sequencing of the genome of V. splendidus strain LGP32, an oyster (Crassostrea gigas) pathogen

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“…Besides, feeding on the remains of tiny animals and large proportions of unrecognizable materials also lead to the proliferation of V. parahaemolyticus in shrimps (Dalmin, 1998). From the present investigation and the reports of various researchers (Natarajan et al, 1980;Ruanpan and Kitao, 1991;Lavilla-Pitogo and Pena, 1998;Goarant et al, 2000;Lee et al, 1996;Sujatha, 2007), it is understood that vibrios are the autochthonous flora of coastal and marine ecosystem. Hence it is obvious that V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from all the pond samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Population of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus (Pathogen) and Bacillus (Beneficial Bacteria) in Penaeus Monodon (Fabricus, 1798) Culture

Pattukumar¹,

Sahu²,

Murugan³

et al. 2010

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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Problem statement: The present work was attempted to evaluate the probiotic activity of Bacillus spp. in shrimp health management. Approach: Penaeid culture ecosystem as a confined environment with huge inputs always encourages the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria like Vibrios. Results: From the present study and earlier reports it is understood that these pathogens alone or combine with virus especially White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) lead to sudden disease outbreaks and mortality. However the unwarranted and unwanted usage of antibiotics causes negative impacts rather than controlling diseases. Conclusion: Based on this, it is concluded that application of suitable and effective probiotics (Bacillus) will certainly reduce population of pathogens and provide a congenial pond environment for shrimp culture. However, this could be achieved by the effective usage of commercially available probiotics for maintaining good pond environment.

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Toxic factors of Vibrio strains pathogenic to shrimp

Cited by 47 publications

References 12 publications

Pathogenicity of Vibrio penaeicida for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: a cysteine protease-like exotoxin as a virulence factor

Pathogenicity of Vibrio penaeicida for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: a cysteine protease-like exotoxin as a virulence factor

Metalloprotease Vsm Is the Major Determinant of Toxicity for Extracellular Products ofVibrio splendidus

Population of <i>Vibrio Parahaemolyticus</i> (Pathogen) and <i>Bacillus</i> (Beneficial Bacteria) in <i>Penaeus Monodon</i> (Fabricus, 1798) Culture

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