Toxic polyneuritis in Bombay due to ortho-cresyl-phosphate poisoning

Vora, Dipti; Dastur, Darab K.; Braganca, Beatriz M.; Parihar, Laveena; Iyer, C. G. S.; Fondekar, R. B.; Prabhakaran, Kartik

doi:10.1136/jnnp.25.3.234

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[40] After that four outbreaks have been reported from Bengal. The first outbreak was due to imported flour contaminated with TOCP through a broken barrel [41] and the latest by adulteration of rape seed oil.…”

Section: Thalliummentioning

confidence: 98%

Toxic neuropathies

Misra

Kalita

2009

Neurol India

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Toxic neuropathies generally result in length dependent axonal neuropathy with the exception of diphtheria and a few toxic neuropathies. In spite of occurrence of diphtheria in India there is paucity of published reports on diphtheritic neuropathy. Arsenic neuropathy commonly occurs in Bengal and Bangladesh because of ground water contamination whereas in Punjab it is due to contamination of opium. Lead neuropathy is rare and has been reported in battery workers and silver refining workers. It produces motor neuropathy resulting in foot drop and wrist drop. Organophosphates are used as pesticides, industrial chemicals and food adulterant. Certain organophosphates such as triorthocresyl phosphate used for or oil adulteration inhibit neurotoxic esterase and result in a delayed type of axonal neuropathy. Alcohol related neuropathy is a controversial issue whether it is due to alcohol related toxicity or due to nutritional deficiencies. Indian studies have revealed that neuropathy occurs both in alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhosis. Hexane neuropathy is reported in screen printers and these cases highlight the need for better preventive and occupational measures. Iatrogenic toxic neuropathies have been reported with cisplatin and vincristine. Because of geographical, occupational and health related conditions toxic neuropathies are likely to be more common than reported and greater awareness is needed.

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Section: Thalliummentioning

confidence: 98%

Toxic neuropathies

Misra

Kalita

2009

Neurol India

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“…Orthocresyl phosphate is highly toxic to the nervous system, while the meta and para cresyl esters, as well as the phenyl esters, do not share this property of a specific attack on the motor nerves. Toxicity due to triorthocresyl phosphate has been reported extensively (Burley, 1932 ;Aring, 1942;Hotston, 1946;Smith and Spalding, 1959;Travers, 1962;Vora et at., 1962).…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 96%

Peripheral neuritis after addiction to petrol.

Karani¹

1966

BMJ

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“…It is estimated that 50 000 people were affected.76 Other sudden outbreaks of peripheral neuropathy due to tri-o-cresyl phosphate have been reported in India, South Africa, and Morocco. [77][78][79] More recently, an epidemic of a neurological syndrome the clinical features of which were dominated by a peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy occurred in Spain as a result of the use of denatured rape seed oil that was sold as cooking oil. Neuropathological studies showed the unusual appearance of an intense inflammatory perineuritis followed by perineurial fibrosis with degeneration of myelinated axons.…”

Section: Diabetic Neuropathiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of peripheral neuropathy

Hughes¹

1995

Current Opinion in Neurology

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Peripheral neuropathy occurs as a component of several common and many rare diseases. It is heterogenous in aetiology, diverse in pathology, and varied in severity. The term peripheral neuropathy includes symmetric polyneuropathy, single and multiple mononeuropathy, and radiculopathy. Further classification depends on a mixture of phenomenological, pathological, and genetic or other aetiological features. All of these things cause problems for epidemiologists who, without agreed definitions of what constitutes a case, find it difficult to describe patterns of occurrence of disease. Perhaps it is not very surprising that information about the descriptive epidemiology of peripheral neuropathy derived from population based studies is scarce.What data do exist suggest that peripheral neuropathy may be rather commoner than is usually thought. A recent study, carried out in two regions of Italy, estimated the frequency of chronic symmetric symptomatic polyneuropathy in people over the age of 55 years attending general practitioners' surgeries. Probable polyneuropathy was diagnosed if they answered positively to a screening questionnaire for neuropathic symptoms and showed signs compatible with peripheral neuropathy when examined by a neurologist.' Around 8% of people met these diagnostic criteria for polyneuropathy. The commonest condition associated with polyneuropathy was diabetes. This study was not population based; only people already attending their general practitioner were included-a group in whom chronic disease is likely to be overrepresented and who will therefore be at increased risk of neuropathy. Despite this caveat, the rate of polyneuropathy detected was surprisingly high. Two studies of prevalence, one in Bombay2 and the other in Sicily,3 also suggest that peripheral neuropathy is common in the community. Cases were identified by a door to door survey. Those who answered positively to questions about sensory or motor symptoms were examined by a neurologist. In Bombay the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was 2-4% and the commonest diagnoses were carpal tunnel syndrome and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In Sicily, 7% of the population responded positively to the initial screening questions. After further investigation, diabetic neuropathy was diagnosed in 0 3% but no details about the frequency of other types of neuropathy were published.Peripheral neuropathies are a disparate group of diseases. Attempts to consider them as a whole emphasise their contribution to the burden of disease and disability in the community, but may obscure interesting epidemiological features that could lead to a better understanding of aetiology. In this review we consider the commoner forms of peripheral neuropathy separately. Diabetic neuropathiesThe neuropathic complications of diabetes mellitus include distal, symmetric, predominantly sensory neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, asymmetric proximal neuropathy, and cranial and other mononeuropathies. Several of these neuropathic manifestations may coexist in same patient....

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Toxic polyneuritis in Bombay due to ortho-cresyl-phosphate poisoning

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

Toxic neuropathies

Toxic neuropathies

Peripheral neuritis after addiction to petrol.

Epidemiology of peripheral neuropathy

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