Toxic Solvents: A Review

Browning, Ethel

doi:10.1136/oem.16.1.23

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These solvents allow minimizing the risk to health during manipulation [51] and reduce the toxicity of the scaffolds due to retained residual solvent [52]. For the electrospinning of Ge, lowtoxic alternative solvents have also been considered, including acetic acid [53], [54] or ethylacetate/acetic acid in water [55].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailored electrospun nanofibrous polycaprolactone/gelatin scaffolds into an acid hydrolytic solvent system

Cháfer

Badía

Ribes‐Greus

2018

European Polymer Journal

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Blended nanofibrous scaffolds based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin (Ge) were successfully prepared. A formic/acetic acid (1:1) mixture was used to dissolve PCL/Ge blends from 100/0 to 20/80 %wt in steps of 10 %wt. The hydrolysis of the PCL diluted in the formic/acetic acid mixture was considered as a method for tailoring the surface morphology and physicochemical features of the nanofibrous PCL/Ge scaffolds as a function of the dissolution time. The fibre diameter remained in the nanoscale range for all the studied scaffolds, which is crucial to mimic the extra-cellular matrix size. The reduction of the intrinsic viscosity, molar mass and hydrodynamic radius found for the PCL molecules as a function of the dissolution time, consequently diminished the entanglement capability of the polymeric chains. Subsequently, the fibre diameter decreased as dissolution time increased, for all the studied compositions. While the crystallinity of the scaffolds with high PCL content increased as a function of the dissolution time, the scaffolds with high percentage of Ge showed the lowest crystallinity degree, which was ascribed to the hindering effect of the Ge diffused among the PCL segments. The wettability increased as a function of the Ge content due to the high hydrophilic behaviour of these molecules. It also increased as a function of the dissolution time, due to the more hydroxyl groups available in PCL segments to interact with water molecules. As a whole, the physicochemical assessment of the electrospun scaffolds revealed an effective tailoring procedure to obtain functionalised PCL/Ge scaffolds with specific properties as a function of the dissolution time before electrospinning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailored electrospun nanofibrous polycaprolactone/gelatin scaffolds into an acid hydrolytic solvent system

Cháfer

Badía

Ribes‐Greus

2018

European Polymer Journal

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“…Several alternative solvents have been recently proposed for the electrospinning of PCL, with the aim of reducing the exposure of technicians to toxic solvents [40]. Acetone was appointed by Bosworth et al with promising results [41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the dissolution time into an acid hydrolytic solvent to tailor electrospun nanofibrous polycaprolactone scaffolds

Cháfer

Badía

Strömberg

et al. 2017

European Polymer Journal

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The hydrolysis of the polycaprolactone (PCL) as a function of the dissolution time in a formic/acetic acid mixture was considered as a method for tailoring the morphology of nanofibrous PCL scaffolds. Hence, the aim of this research was to establish a correlation between the dissolution time of the polymer in the acid solvent with the physico-chemical properties of the electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds and their further service life behaviour. The physico-chemical properties of the scaffolds were assessed in terms of fibre morphology, molar mass and thermal behaviour. A reduction of the molar mass and the lamellar thickness as well as an increase of the crystallinity degree were observed as a function of dissolution time. Bead-free fibres were found after 24 and 48 h of dissolution time, with similar diameter distributions. The decrease of the fibre diameter distributions along with the apparition of beads was especially significant for scaffolds prepared after 72 h and 120 h of dissolution time in the acid mixture. The service life of the obtained devices was evaluated by means of in vitro validation under abiotic physiological conditions. All the scaffolds maintained the nanofibrous structure after 100 days of immersion in water and PBS. The molar mass was barely affected and the crystallinity degree and the lamellar thickness increased along immersion, preventing scaffolds from degradation. Scaffolds prepared after 24 h and 48 h kept their fibre diameters, whereas those prepared after 72 h and 120 h showed a significant reduction. This PCL tailoring procedure to obtain scaffolds that maintain the nanoscaled structure after such long in vitro evaluation will bring new opportunities in the design of long-term biomedical patches.

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“…Consequently, the exposure of users to these solvents, particularly over long electrospinning periods and during mass production, could have a long lasting and detrimental impact on their health. Hence the use of non-toxic and fairly innocuous solvents, such as acetone, should to be utilised to a greater degree [7,8]. In addition, acetone can be produced via biotechnological processes, which makes its manufacture highly sustainable [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetone, a Sustainable Solvent for Electrospinning Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Fibres: Effect of Varying Parameters and Solution Concentrations on Fibre Diameter

Bosworth

Downes

2012

J Polym Environ

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Electrospinning commonly requires a solvent carrier to transform polymer materials from one solid form to another. The types of solvents are often classed as toxic and hazardous and have potential long-term impacts on the environment and the health of the user. Acetone is a sustainable and non-toxic solvent, but has received limited use within the electrospinning sector-particularly for biocompatible polymers, such as poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL). This paper documents the ability to electrospin PCL dissolved in acetone and the effects of spinning parameters on the morphology and diameter of the collected fibres. Depending on the end use of the collected fibres it is important to understand how the parameters interplay and affect fibre morphology and diameter, especially if fibres of a specific form and size are required, for example, to mimic the extracellular matrix of tissues. This paper investigates the effects of flow-rate (0.05 and 0.1 ml/min), voltage (15 and 25 kV), distance (5 and 10 cm) and voltage-distance combined, on different concentrations of poly(e-caprolactone)/acetone solutions (5, 7.5 and 10 %w/v) in terms of fibre morphology and fibre diameter. Overall, solutions of PCL dissolved in acetone could be electrospun and, in general, the trends observed with altering spinning parameters followed those documented for other polymer/ solvent systems. This calls for the increased use of less hazardous and more sustainable solvents, such as acetone, for electrospinning applications.

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Toxic Solvents: A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Tailored electrospun nanofibrous polycaprolactone/gelatin scaffolds into an acid hydrolytic solvent system

Tailored electrospun nanofibrous polycaprolactone/gelatin scaffolds into an acid hydrolytic solvent system

Effect of the dissolution time into an acid hydrolytic solvent to tailor electrospun nanofibrous polycaprolactone scaffolds

Acetone, a Sustainable Solvent for Electrospinning Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Fibres: Effect of Varying Parameters and Solution Concentrations on Fibre Diameter

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