Toxic Substances in the Atmospheric Environment Discussion

When helper T (T H ) cell polarization was initially described three decades ago, the T H cell universe grew dramatically. New subsets were described based on their expression of few specific cytokines. Beyond T H 1 and T H 2 cells, this led to the coining of various T H 17 and regulatory (T reg ) cell subsets as well as T H 22, T H 25, follicular helper (T FH ), T H 3, T H 5 and T H 9 cells. High-dimensional single-cell analysis revealed that a categorization of T H cells into a single-cytokine-based nomenclature fails to capture the complexity and diversity of T H cells. Similar to the simple nomenclature used to describe innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), we propose that T H cell polarization should be categorized in terms of the help they provide to phagocytes (type 1), to B cells, eosinophils and mast cells (type 2) and to non-immune tissue cells, including the stroma and epithelium (type 3). Studying T H cells based on their helper function and the cells they help, rather than phenotypic features such as individual analyzed cytokines or transcription factors, better captures T H cell plasticity and conversion as well as the breadth of immune responses in vivo.

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Repositioning TH cell polarization from single cytokines to complex help

Tuzlak

et al. 2021

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Risk assessment as applied to the setting of solvent toxicity limits

Baer¹

1984

Studies in Conservation

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Toxic Substances in the Atmospheric Environment Discussion

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Repositioning TH cell polarization from single cytokines to complex help

Repositioning TH cell polarization from single cytokines to complex help

Risk assessment as applied to the setting of solvent toxicity limits

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