Toxicities of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Itis-Ending Adverse Reactions and More

Ellithi, Moataz; Elnair, Radowan; Chang, Guy Vin; Abdallah, Mohamed

doi:10.7759/cureus.6935

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although immunotherapy is a targeted therapy and therefore it is better tolerated compared to common chemotherapy, it has been associated with the emergence of a new panel of dysimmune toxicities called irAEs [ 9 , 118 – 120 ].…”

Section: Immune-related Adverse Events To Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Ralli

Botticelli

Visconti

et al. 2020

Journal of Immunology Research

165

138

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Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.

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Section: Immune-related Adverse Events To Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanisms of action of immunotherapy are focused on specific targets of the counter-regulatory mechanisms of the immune response [4][5][6][7][8]. However, immunotherapy is also associated with immune-related adverse events(irAEs) that represent tissue-specific dysimmune inflammatory responses [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Ralli

Botticelli

Visconti

et al. 2020

Journal of Immunology Research

165

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, the cause of irAEs in response to ICIs is still not sufficiently understood. Nowadays, clinical practice guidelines are available that can help to manage with irAEs of different origins and severity [ 99 ].…”

Section: Monoclonal Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends in Cancer Immunotherapy

et al. 2020

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The search for an effective drug to treat oncological diseases, which have become the main scourge of mankind, has generated a lot of methods for studying this affliction. It has also become a serious challenge for scientists and clinicians who have needed to invent new ways of overcoming the problems encountered during treatments, and have also made important discoveries pertaining to fundamental issues relating to the emergence and development of malignant neoplasms. Understanding the basics of the human immune system interactions with tumor cells has enabled new cancer immunotherapy strategies. The initial successes observed in immunotherapy led to new methods of treating cancer and attracted the attention of the scientific and clinical communities due to the prospects of these methods. Nevertheless, there are still many problems that prevent immunotherapy from calling itself an effective drug in the fight against malignant neoplasms. This review examines the current state of affairs for each immunotherapy method, the effectiveness of the strategies under study, as well as possible ways to overcome the problems that have arisen and increase their therapeutic potentials.

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“…Our patient developed severe multiorgan autoimmunity in keeping with a break of immune tolerance that likely facilitated an effective anti-tumour immune response. There is currently conflicting evidence whether the development of irAEs under checkpoint inhibitor therapy is associated with treatment response 4 .…”

Section: Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained remission of Lynch syndrome‐associated metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma following checkpoint inhibitor therapy‐associated multiorgan autoimmunity

Nevgi

Klein

Cheung

2020

Clinical Endocrinology

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Toxicities of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Itis-Ending Adverse Reactions and More

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Current Trends in Cancer Immunotherapy

Sustained remission of Lynch syndrome‐associated metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma following checkpoint inhibitor therapy‐associated multiorgan autoimmunity

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