Toxicity and Health Effects of Chromium (All Oxidation States)

Guertin, Jacques

doi:10.1201/9780203487969.ch6

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The hexavalent form of chromium is highly soluble in water, mobile in the environment, toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic [18,54], and it is the most frequently used in industrial processes [55]. The trivalent form is less soluble and mobile [54], 100 times less toxic [10] and 1,000 times less mutagenic [31] than the hexavalent form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of tolerance to Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) reduction by sulfate ion in a Candida yeast strain isolated from tannery wastewater

Guillén-Jiménez

Morales-Barrera

Morales-Jiménez

et al. 2008

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

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The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the sulfate ion on the tolerance to Cr(VI) and the Cr(VI) reduction in a yeast strain isolated from tannery wastewater and identified as Candida sp. FGSFEP by the D1/D2 domain sequence of the 26S rRNA gene. The Candida sp. FGSFEP strain was grown in culture media with sulfate concentrations ranging from 0 to 23.92 mM, in absence and presence of Cr(VI) [1.7 and 3.3 mM]. In absence of Cr(VI), the yeast specific growth rate was practically the same in every sulfate concentration tested, which suggests that sulfate had no stimulating or inhibiting effect on the yeast cell growth. In contrast, at the two initial Cr(VI) concentrations assayed, the specific growth rate of Candida sp. FGSFEP rose when sulfate concentration increased. Likewise, the greater efficiencies and volumetric rates of Cr(VI) reduction exhibited by Candida sp. FGSFEP were obtained at high sulfate concentrations. Yeast was capable of reducing 100% of 1.7 mM Cr(VI) and 84% of 3.3 mM Cr(VI), with rates of 0.98 and 0.44 mg Cr(VI)/L h, with 10 and 23.92 mM sulfate concentrations, respectively. These results indicate that sulfate plays an important role in the tolerance to Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) reduction in Candida sp. FGSFEP. These findings may have significant implications in the biological treatment of Cr(VI)-laden wastewaters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of tolerance to Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) reduction by sulfate ion in a Candida yeast strain isolated from tannery wastewater

Guillén-Jiménez

Morales-Barrera

Morales-Jiménez

et al. 2008

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Cr released into the environment from anthropogenic activity occurs mainly in the hexavalent form [Cr(VI)] [ATSDR, 2000]. Occupational Cr(VI) exposure has been a major concern as workers in industries that use Cr(VI) compounds are at a higher risk of developing Cr-induced diseases [Guertin, 2005]. However, the general human population and some wildlife may be at risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate hexavalent chromium is cytotoxic and genotoxic to the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) lung and skin fibroblasts

Chen

Wise

Kraus

et al. 2009

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Hexavalent chromium compounds are present in the atmosphere and oceans and are established mutagens and carcinogens in human and terrestrial mammals. However, the adverse effects of these toxicants in marine mammals are uncertain. Previously, we reported that North Atlantic right whales, one of the most endangered great whales, have tissue chromium levels that are high, levels that may pose a risk to the whale's health. Furthermore, the study suggested that inhalation may be an important exposure route. Exposure to chromium through inhalation is mainly because of particulate compounds. However, the toxicity of particulate chromium compounds in marine mammal cells is unknown. Accordingly, in this study, we tested the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of particulate hexavalent chromium in primary cultured lung and skin fibroblasts from the endangered North Atlantic right whale. Cytotoxicity was measured by clonogenic survival assay, and genotoxicity was measured as production of chromosome aberrations. Particulate hexavalent chromium induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a concentration‐dependent manner in both right whale lung and skin fibroblasts. Lung fibroblasts were more resistant to chromium cytotoxicity, but presented with more chromosome damage than skin fibroblasts. These data further support the hypothesis that chromium may be a health concern for the endangered North Atlantic right whale. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…Chronic inhalation studies on mice exposed to airborne Cr (VI) suggest that Cr(VI) is an animal carcinogen 34 . The mice developed lung tumors from exposure to 4.3 mg/m3 of Cr(VI).However, a number of chronic animal studies showed no carcinogenic effects in rats, rabbits, or guinea pigs exposed to 1.6 mg/m3 of Cr(VI) [34][35][36][37] . Thus, cancer effects on animals seem to depend on the type of animal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Water Using Potential Caspian Sea Wetland Plant: Nymphaeaceae

Ziarati¹,

Asgarpanah²,

Mohammad-Makki³

2015

Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia

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Aquatic plant communities are good candidates for treating groundwater contamination systems due to large surface area, ease of culture and high organic uptake potential. We investigated the potential of the Nymphaeaceae high-biomass Ni hyperaccumulator to phytoextract Cr and Ni from artificial metalliferous media. Nymphaeaceae was collected from area located in Anzali lagoon (Iran) where is full o f Nymphaeaceae's. Plants were treated with 100-600 ìM of Chromium and Nickel solutions for 10 days. Cr was introduced independently at two speciations as Cr (III) and Cr (VI), which are known for their diverse physicochemical properties and different influence on living organisms. None-parametric Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney U tests were applied to compare differences between objects. Non-parametric multiple comparison test (Dunn's test) was performed to determine statistical significance of results at α α α α α = 0.05. Results indicate significant differences in Cr distribution in both groups of Cr-treated plants and in the plants exposed to Cr (III) and Cr (VI). The amount of Cr deposited in leaves in both Cr-treated plants differed significantly. As expected the heavy metals uptake rate by this plant is significantly affected by number of plant cultivated as for Nickel uptake (p<0.03) while for chrome the p-value was less than 0.01. The results of this research concluded that Nymphaeaceae in the contaminated water had suitable ability for phytoremediation by method and transmitting more Chrome and Nickel in pH ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ 7 after 10 days of growth of Nymphaeaceae spices. Plant accumulation of all metals from single-element substrates indicate that the bioaccumulation coefficient increases as total metal concentrations increase.

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Toxicity and Health Effects of Chromium (All Oxidation States)

Cited by 53 publications

References 25 publications

Modulation of tolerance to Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) reduction by sulfate ion in a Candida yeast strain isolated from tannery wastewater

Modulation of tolerance to Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) reduction by sulfate ion in a Candida yeast strain isolated from tannery wastewater

Particulate hexavalent chromium is cytotoxic and genotoxic to the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) lung and skin fibroblasts

Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Water Using Potential Caspian Sea Wetland Plant: Nymphaeaceae

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