Toxicity and mutagenic activity of some selected Nigerian plants

Sowemimo, Abimbola; Fakoya, Francis Adelade; Awopetu, I.; Omobuwajo, O.R.; Adesanya, Saburi A.

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2007.06.024

Cited by 72 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The results presented here indicate that the material used for obtaining the hydroethanolic extract from the leaf of mastruz shows no growth of bacteria and fungus in the culture media used. The evaluation of cytotoxicity and acute oral toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract C. ambrosioides data are in agreement with those of literature showing cytotoxicity of the extract, essential oil, and single compounds of this species to eukaryotic cells, and demonstrated antitumor activity [39][40][41][42] . However, this cytotoxicity does not implicated in significant toxicological activity in mice at the dose for studying acute oral toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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2015

IJPSR

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ABSTRACT:Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn, member of the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to SUS (RENISUS), is used to treat different diseases and shows good potential to generate products of interest to the Brazilian Unified Health System "Sistema Único de Saúde" (SUS). However, the use of herbal derivatives implies the control of their quality and the evaluation of their toxicity. Pharmacopeial tests were performed aiming at the physicochemical and microbiological characterization of leaves and extract of C. ambrosioides. The toxicity of the extract was assessed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) and acute toxicity was assayed in mice. The results showed that the leaves and the extract presented acceptable pharmacopeial parameters and the preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence mainly of saponins, terpenes, phenols and tannins in the hydroethanolic extract of C. ambrosioides. The microbiological evaluation of the extract indicated no apparent growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Although the extract showed cytotoxicity at high concentration, no signs of acute oral toxicity could be observed at the tested doses. These results, besides the partial Pharmacopeial characterization of C. ambrosioides, corroborate the literature data, regarding the cytotoxic potential. However, the results reported indicate that the use of this species is safe in appropriate doses INTRODUCTION:Medicinal plants are used in the treatment of diseases by thousands of people in the world and often represent the main and first source of health care. This form of therapeutic resource is accessible, available and culturally accepted in folk medicine 1 .

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Untitled

2015

IJPSR

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“…Moreover, the toxicity of some medicinal plants has been severally reported. For instance, Bryophyllum calycinum whole plant, Annona senegalensis root, Hymenocardia acida stem bark, Erythrophleum suaveollens leaves and Spondiatus preussii extracts were toxic to brine shrimps and caused chromosomal damage in rats (Sowemimo et al;2007). The vast number of chemicals used industrially and pharmacologically provides an ever increasing hazard to the liver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial and Toxicological Activities of <i>Acacia Nilotica</i> Extracts</b>

Okoro¹,

Kawo²,

Arzai³

2014

Bayero J. Pure App. Sci.

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The phytochemical screening, antibacterial and toxicological activities of extracts of the leaves, stem bark and roots of Acacia nilotica were investigated. The phytochemical analyses according to standard screening tests using conventional protocols revealed the presence of tannins and sterols in the leaves stem barks and roots of the plant. Alkaloids were detected only in the leaves. Glycosides, saponins, resins and flavonoids were not detected in the plant. In-vitro agar-diffusion sensitivity tests of crude extract fractions of the plant extracts using ethanol, chloroform, methanol, petroleum ether, water and ethyl acetate were investigated on nine bacterial isolates. The extract fractions generally exhibited marked antibacterial activities on Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli except on Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. All the leaves extract fractions of the plant exhibited weak or no antibacterial activity on the bacterial isolates tested but the stem bark and root extracts generally exhibited strong antibacterial activities on them. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration studies revealed that some bacterial isolates were inhibited at concentrations of about 12.5mg/ml and 50mg/ml and killed at concentrations of about 100mg/ml and 400mg/ml. Toxicity studies of the ethanol extracts revealed that they exhibited no significant toxicity (LD 50 of 123.86µg/ml and312.55µg/ml) against Artemia salina . These results suggest that the plant may not be toxic to man and could be a potential source of novel antibacterial compound.

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“…Brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay (Sowemimo et al, 2007) was used to screen the thirty six (36) fractions (crude extract, n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, detannified, and tannin fractions for each of the six plants). One milliliter of each stock solution (50, 500, and 5000 μg/ml) was put into a test tube and made up to 5 ml with filtered sea water to give overall concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 μg/ml.…”

Section: Brine Shrimps (Artemia Salina) Lethality Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%