Toxicity assessment due to sub-chronic exposure to individual and mixtures of four toxic heavy metals

Combined exposure of low dose lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury in mice

“…The changes of oxidative stress indices like MDA, SOD and GPx after low concentration toxic metal exposure individually are inconsistent with the literature in organs would not be observed if the Pb exposure concentration below 50 mg L À1 in most of studies concerning Pb exposed mice and rats (Moreira et al, 2001;Berrahal et al, 2007;Ferlemi et al, 2014;Alya et al, 2015;Ferreira et al, 2016). However, with the same chromogenic substrate assay, there is a significant change of MDA, SOD and GPx in organs after being exposed with an extremely low Pb concentration of 0.01 mg L À1 in this study (Cobbina et al, 2015b). The results are inconsistent with that of the current studies.…”

“…For example, Pb-only exposed mice are subjected to a low concentration of 0.01 mg L À1 Pb (Cobbina et al, 2015a), and an average daily water intake of 4.0 ml/day/mouse for 30 days in their another paper (see Table S3) based on the same mice model (Cobbina et al, 2015b). So, the total amount of Pb exposure is 1.20 mg after being exposed with 0.01 mg L À1 Pb for 30 days (see the following Equation (1)).…”

“…Table 1 Total amount of Pb accumulated in organs reported by Cobbina et al (2015a,b Table S2 reported by Cobbina et al (2015a). b See Table S2a-c reported by Cobbina et al (2015b).…”

Exposure to Cadmium Impairs Sperm Functions by Reducing CatSper in Mice

“…Cadmium, which is one of the most common environmental and occupational metallic toxicants, has also been demonstrated to potentially threaten human health [1-3]. Due to its high toxicity and cumulative effect, Cd easily leads to multi-organ injury, especially to the genital system [4-6].…”

Utilization of annealed aluminum hydroxide waste with incorporated fluoride for adsorptive removal of heavy metals

“…Long-term exposure to heavy metals can result in chronic damage to blood composition, lungs, brains, kidneys, liver, and other vital organs, and their mixtures show more significant toxicity than that they were separately existed [1]. Heavy metals also have acute toxicity, and high levels of inorganic arsenic at concentrations of above 60 mg/L in water can even be fatal.…”