Toxicity assessment of the alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica

Upadhyay, Prabhat; Shukla, Rashmi; Tiwari, Kavindra Nath; Dubey, Govind Prasad; Mishra, Sunil Kumar

doi:10.1590/s2175-97902019000118224

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Medicinal plants are good candidates for the health care system as herbal medicines against diseases perpetrating human beings and animals' husbandry. Concurrently, their worth sources are attested beyond doubts in recent years whereby many researchers have paid more attention to the exploitation of the herbal medicines for the development of antimicrobial products [37][38][39]. However, little is done to carry out toxicity evaluation of such herbal medicines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The in vivo toxicity evaluation of leaf and root methanolic extracts of Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f using animal model

2020

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Background Traditionally, herbal medicines are commonly used to cure several diseases since immemorial of human life. Nevertheless, the safety of some traditionally used medicinal plants is uncertain. Since Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f is a traditionally used medicinal plant, the effects of its extracts were evaluated on lethality (LD50) and sub-acute toxicity in this study. Methods Phytochemistry screening and an in vivo toxicity evaluation of leaf and root methanolic extracts of T. vogelii using laboratory albino rats were conducted. Methanolic extracts of doses 600, 1200, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weights were administered single dose in rats to observe deaths within 72 h in order to determine the LD50. Methanolic extracts doses of 600, 1200 and 2000 mg/kg body weights were consecutively administered for 14 days in order to evaluate sub-acute toxicity. Results Tannins, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids and saponins were identified in the phytochemical screening. The LD50 experiments revealed zero deaths of rats for the administered doses, 600 to 5000 mg/kg body weight. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney for sub-acute toxicity test showed safety at all doses except root methanolic extracts dose of 2000 mg/kg which exhibited necrosis and vacuolation of liver cells on the 14th day. Nonetheless, hepatic necrosis and hepatic vacuolation disappeared upon time elongation without dose administration to 28th day. Conclusion The conducted toxicity evaluation of methanolic leaf and root extracts in albino rats revealed no deleterious effects, henceforth, suggesting that T. vogelii could be safe to users using it as a medicinal plant.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each group was housed in an independent plastic cage for conducting treatments. Animal doses were modified from previous studies from Upadhyay and colleagues [38]. The TV-R, ME doses of 600, 1200 and 2000 mg/kg were used to treat groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively.…”

Section: Sub-acute Toxicity Assay: Groups Of Animals and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vivo toxicity evaluation of leaf and root methanolic extracts of Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f using animal model

2020

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“…In 1976, Goodpasture and Arrighi found that turmeric caused a dose and time-dependent induction of chromosome aberrations in several mammalian cell lines; these alterations were observed at concentrations of 10 μg/ml (Goodpasture & Arrighi, 1976). Curcumin can also induce DNA damage and chromosomal alterations both in vitro and in vivo (Sakano & Kawanishi, 2002;Urbina-Cano et al, 2006). For instance, curcumin concentrations of 2.5 and 5 μg/ml were shown to induce DNA damage to both the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in cells (Cao, Jia, Zhou, Liu, & Zhong, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…& A. Fern (Anacardiaceae) (roots). Alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica Dumort (Linaceae) was found nontoxic in single drug dose administration up to 5,000 mg/kg (acute study) and in sub‐acute administration up to 2,000 mg/kg (Upadhyay, Shukla, Tiwari, Dubey, & Mishra, 2019). Njugi (2018) reported Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant species used in Brazil and Asia regions with toxic properties

Marmitt

Shahrajabian

2021

Phytotherapy Research

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Many efforts are being made to find biomolecules extracted from plants to be useful therapeutic agents to replace the drugs traditionally used in clinical medicine with known side effects and high financial investment, thus offering greater safety and less risk to the population. However, the presence of toxic substances such as alkaloids, amino acids, amides, glycosides, saponins, and tannins are the main reasons for the poisonous activity of some medicinal plants. In this sense, understanding plants constituents and lethal doses can be important source in managing several diseases in human life. This review aimed to present extracts, fractions, and/or compounds of plants of Brazil and Asia regions that have reported toxicity to in vitro and in vivo models. The results presented here contribute to warning the population about the toxicological characterization of some plants, however, further high‐quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plants (or compounds).

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“…At the end of the day, the remaining food and water were collected, weighed to extrapolate the amounts of food and water that had been consumed by the animals during that day. The measuring unit for feeding was g/day, while the water consumption was measured in ml/day [ 44 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Induced by the Crude Ethanol Extract of Plukenetia volubilis Linneo Leaves in Swiss Albino Mice

Tran

2021

BioMed Research International

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Plukenetia volubilis Linneo (P. volubilis), or Sacha inca, is an oleaginous plant from the Euphorbiaceae family. The presence of terpenoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds in the ethanol extracts of P. volubilis L leaves has been reported, showing a range of bioactivities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesia. However, the safety of this plant has not yet been reported explicitly. This study thus is aimed at evaluating the toxicity of the ethanol extract of P. volubilis leaves (EtPV) by acute and subchronic toxicity tests in Swiss albino mice following standard procedures set by The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) with slight modifications. In the acute toxicity test, the treatment groups were administered orally with the EtPV at doses of 1000, 3000, 5000, and 7000 mg/kg body weight in small fractions during 16 hours, and the mice were then observed in 14 consecutive days. In the subchronic toxicity study, the EtPV was given at doses of 100, 300, 500, and 700 mg/kg body weight for 90 days. Changes in behavior, mortality rate, and body and the weights of vital organs, hematology, clinical biochemistry, urine analysis, and histologic morphology were evaluated. The acute toxicity study showed that the EtPV causes no sign of toxicity or mortality. The hematological, biochemical and urine analyses, changes in the weight of the body and vital organs (heart, liver and kidney), and histopathological analyses of organs indicated no evidence of toxicity at any doses. It was also revealed that oral administration of EtPV is safe at the oral doses set by acute and subchronic toxicity tests, and the oral lethal dose for the EtPV is higher than 7000 mg/kg. This study is the first to confirm the safety of P. volubilis leaf ethanol extract, and as a result, encouraging further investigation to examine EtPV potential for traditional medicine.

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Toxicity assessment of the alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

The in vivo toxicity evaluation of leaf and root methanolic extracts of Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f using animal model

The in vivo toxicity evaluation of leaf and root methanolic extracts of Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f using animal model

Plant species used in Brazil and Asia regions with toxic properties

Evaluation of Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Induced by the Crude Ethanol Extract of Plukenetia volubilis Linneo Leaves in Swiss Albino Mice

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