Toxicity assessment on haemotology, biochemical and histopathological alterations of silver nanoparticles-exposed freshwater fish Labeo rohita

Abstract

The increasing use of nano based-products induces the potential hazards from their manufacture, transportation, waste disposal and management processes. In this report, we emphasized the acute toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using freshwater fish Labeo rohita as an aquatic animal model. The AgNPs were synthesized using chemical reduction method and the formation of AgNPs was monitored by UV-Visible spectroscopy analysis. The functional groups, crystaline nature and morphological characterizations were carried out by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis. UV-Vis range was observed at 420 nm and XRD pattern showed that the particles are crystalline nature. HRTEM analysis revealed that the morphology of particles was spherical and size ranges between 50 and 100 nm. This investigation was extended to determine the potential acute toxicity, L. rohita was treated orally with the lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of AgNPs. The antioxidative responses were studied in the three major tissues such as gill, liver and muscle of L. rohita. The results of this investigation showed that increasing the concentration of AgNPs led to bioaccumulation of AgNPs in the major tissues. The haematological parameters showed significant alterations in the treated fish. The histological changes caused by chemically synthesized AgNPs demonstrated the damages in the tissues, primary lamella and blood vessels of L. rohita. The histological study also displayed the formation of vacuolation in liver and muscle when compared with untreated tissues (control) of L. rohita.

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“…Histopathological changes found in the rainbow trout muscle tissue exposed to aqueous AgNPs and CuNPs suspensions were similar to those observed in previous experiments with NPs (Salem, Kenney, Rexroad & Yao, 2010;Al-Bairuty, Shaw, Handy & Henry, 2013;Girial, Krishnakumar, Poornima, Fayaz & Kalaichelvan, 2015). The increase of the intercellular area in muscle tissue, observed in this study was also found in other studies on effects of pesticides and heavy metals on fish (Capkin, Terzi, Boran, Yandi & Altinok, 2010;Patnaik Howrelia, Mathews & Selvanayagam, 2011;Bhuvaneshwari, Padmanaban & Babu Rajendran, 2015;Rajkumar, Kanipandian & Thirumurugan, 2016). In the CuNPs group numerously occurring shrinked acidophilic muscle bounds exhibited unspecific dystrophic changes.…”

Biogenic synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Indoneesiella echioides: in vitro assessment on antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity potential

“…4). Figure 5 shows that the selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of green-synthesized AgNPs confirms the crystalline (fcc) nature of the silver nanoparticles (Rajkumar et al 2015).…”

Ecotoxicology of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Fresh Water Fish Mystus Gulio

“…Treatment with nanoparticle shows disruption, deterioration of muscle fiber characterized by fissures and breaks in the muscle fibers. Inflammation in the fibre was observed in AgNP's treated Labeo rohita [55], the disintegration of myofibrils along with pyknotic nuclei was evident in the treated group suggesting the toxic effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles.…”

“…Disruption of ATPase enzyme inhibits the uptake of Na + and ClGills are responsible for regulating the exchange of salt and water even a slight structural damage can render a fish very vulnerable to osmoregulatory as well as respiratory difficulties. AgNPs treated fishes show lamellae fusion and aneurism formation in gills and enlargement of liposomes leading to vascular degeneration of liver [55]. Necrosis was observed in the secondary lamellae of the rainbow trout treated with AgNPs [56].…”