Toxicity, bioaccumulation and metabolism of phenol in freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

Abstract

The acute toxicity of phenol was determined to be 35.0 mg/l in Oreochromis mossambicus. The fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations of phenol (2.3 and 3.5 mg/l) for 30 days. The effects of exposure were studied on the bioaccumulation and elimination of phenol from the kidney and biochemical parameters of liver, gill, and muscle at intervals of 10, 20, and 30 days. A statistically significant increase in phenol concentration was noted in tissues from all treated fish groups. Bioaccumulation and biochemical changes were dose and duration dependant. Recovery in fish after post exposure was observed after transferring these fish to normal tap water for 30 days. Elimination of phenol was noted, although the concentration of phenol remained significantly higher than the control after 30 days of the experiment. Total protein, total carbohydrate, and total lipids in the tissues of liver, gill, and muscle of fish decreased greatly. The longer the exposure time, the greater was the percentage reduction of organic matter of the fish exposed to the sublethal concentration of phenol.

Metabolic responses of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) exposed to phenol and post-exposure recovery

“…Catabolism of such amount of lipid in I. punctatus refl ects a higher demand for ATP as a consequence of elevated stress and detoxifi cation process. Lipid catabolism is also observed in O. mossambicus exposed to phenol for 30 days (Sannadurgappa et al 2007). However, not only glucose and lipids were required to cope with phenol poisoning.…”

“…The metabolism of protein in fi shes can be altered by phenol. Adjustments in the activities of alanine (ALAT) and aspartate (ASAT) aminotransferases and changes in tissular protein concentration are reported in fi sh exposed to phenol (Barse et al 2006, Dangé 1986b, Gupta et al 1983, Hori et al 2006, Sannadurgappa et al 2007. Phenolic compounds affect the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, altering the carbohydrate metabolism through the inter-conversion of lactatepyruvate (Barse et al 2006, Dangé 1986a, Gupta et al 1983, Hori et al 2006, Sannadurgappa et al 2007.…”

“…Phenolic compounds affect the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, altering the carbohydrate metabolism through the inter-conversion of lactatepyruvate (Barse et al 2006, Dangé 1986a, Gupta et al 1983, Hori et al 2006, Sannadurgappa et al 2007. Adjustments in the lipid metabolism are also observed in Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to phenol ( Sannadurgappa et al 2007).…”

Phenol and benzenoid alcohols separation from aqueous stream using cloud point extraction: Scaling-up of the process in a mixer-settler

“…The models were checked by plotting computed data against experimental results. The nonlinear system formed by the equations: Y = a 0 +a 1 X t + a 2 T + a 12 X t T + a 11 X t 2 + a 22 T 2 (5) was solved to give the slope and the regression coefficient (R 2 ) closest to unity. Even if the quadratic equations for E, X s,w , X t.w and ϕ c allow to obtain a good correlation with the experimental values, one has to keep in mind that the model validity is restricted to the field of study and a physical significance cannot be given to the portion of horizontal planes corresponding to the maximal values of the response.…”

“…Phenol is considered as one of the major water pollutants. Even at very low doses, it is still very dangerous because of its persistence, toxicity, ecotoxicity and bioaccumulation [1][2][3][4][5]. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the French legislation limit its allowedconcentration in surface waters to 0.3 mg/L [6,7].…”