Toxicity effect of <i>Kigelia africana</i> aqueous extract on the haematology and histopathology of juvenile Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>)

Abstract

This study examined the toxicity effect of Kigelia africana on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles. The corresponding effects of this plant extract on the health status of the O. niloticus were similarly studied using their haematological and histopathological profiles. The experiment was carried out at the Hatchery Unit of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta fish farm. Fish were acclimatized for one week and fed twice daily at the rate of 3% body weight. Water in the culture medium was replenished daily. A total of 150 juveniles of O. niloticus were exposed to concentrations of 0.00, 1.75, 2.50, 3.75 and 5.00 g L −1 aqueous extract of Kigelia africana set up in three replicates. This toxicity study showed that aqueous bark extract of K. africana caused significant behavioural changes in O. niloticus. Recorded values of the water quality parameters showed significant difference (p < 0.05) across the treatments. The haematological indices of the fish were also observed to be affected with increasing extract concentration, compared to the control treatment (0.0 g L −1). Similarly, histology of the liver and gills showed variations in distortions and damages to the tissues; with observed severity increasing with increase in extract concentrations. This study suggested that the 96-h LC 50 of K. africana could be greater than 5 g L −1. The study concluded that caution must be taken in the disposal of this plant in water bodies as extended exposure time and at higher concentrations could pose adverse effects on the stock of juvenile Orechromis niloticus.

Toxicity of true indigo (Indigofera tinctoria) extract on haematology and oxidative stress enzymes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles

“…The concentration of dissolved oxygen decreased as the concentration increased, resulting in the death of the test fish. This is consistent with the findings of Idowu et al [15] who found that when Oreochromis niloticus was exposed to Kigeliaafricana extract, dissolved oxygen in the water decreased. Akpa et al [16] reported a decrease in dissolved oxygen with increasing concentration when Tilapia zillli was treated with Tephrosia vogelii leaf extract.…”

Heavy metals in shell fishes of Ojo River, Lagos State, Nigeria

“…Decrease in the value of dissolved oxygen observed implies that the oxygen level in the water has been distorted which might be as a result of predisposition factors of biological living aquatic organisms as opined by Idowu et al (2020) which observed decrease in DO concentration of water used for Oreochromis niloticus culture. Among the innumerable contaminants, pollution by heavy metal in aquatic environments has become a global phenomenon due the higher toxicity and persistence for several decades in the aquatic environment (Thomas and Mohaideen, 2014).…”

Management of aquatic plants and their contributions to fisheries production in Ikere-Gorge, Iseyin, Oyo State, Nigeria

“…The presence of heavy metals in freshwater ecosystem affects physiological and metabolic activities of fish. Idowu et al (2020) identified Oreochromis niloticus as one of fish affected by heavy metals. this study.…”