Toxicity, Feeding Preference, and Repellency Associated With Selected Organic Insecticides Against <I>Acrosternum hilare</I> and <I>Euschistus servus</I> (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the toxicity, feeding preference, repellency, and field efficacy associated with the organic insecticides azadirachtin, pyrethrins, and spinosad against two stink bug species, Acrosternum hilare (Say) and Euschistus servus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Laboratory toxicity bioassays were conducted using treated green bean pods. The conventional pyrethroid lamda-cyhalothrin was included for comparison. A. hilare adults and nymphs were most susceptible to lamda-cyhalothrin and to tank mixes of pyrethrins + spinosad. E. servus adults were susceptible to lamda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, and all tank mixes, whereas E. servus nymphs were susceptible to lamda-cyhalothrin only. Feeding preference tests were conducted using insecticide-treated tomatoes and counting the number of feeding stylet sheaths on fruit after 24 h. All tomatoes treated with either azadirachtin, pyrethrins, or tank mixes resulted in fewer numbers of stylet sheaths than the untreated control, whereas treatment with spinosad alone did not. In filter paper repellency tests, both E. serous and A. hilare were repelled by pyrethrins and exhibited no response to azadirachtin. E. servus was attracted to spinosad in comparison with a water-treated control; however, A. hilare displayed no response. In field efficacy trials, each of the organic insecticides reduced the number of stink bugs in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., for up to 2 d after treatment; however, none of the insecticides reduced stink bug damage to fruit in tomatoes even after multiple applications. Implications for organic growers and integrated pest management programs are discussed.

Behavioral responses, rate of mortality, and oviposition of western cherry fruit fly exposed to malathion, zeta-cypermethrin, and spinetoram

“…These results are similar to those for neonicotinoid insecticides (Yee 2008). In other insects, however, including house flies, mosquitoes, stinkbugs, and psyllids, there is evidence for repellency or avoidance behavior toward some insecticides (Brown and Pal 1971;Burden 1975;Moore 1977;Pluthero and Singh 1984;Gharalari et al 2009;Kamminga et al 2009). In R. indifferens, females actually spent the most time on spinetoram-treated and control cherries.…”

Effect of Surround WP on Behavior and Mortality of Apple Maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…Pyrethrins, an organic insecticide group derived from Chrysanthemum spp. (Casida 1980), were effective against the green stink bug, Chinavia hilaris (Say), but not the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), in laboratory bioassays (Kamminga et al 2009). We found that H. halys was susceptible to pyrethrins with 73% lethality after 7 d following 4.5-h exposure to dried residues.…”

“…Spinosad has been tested and used for management of many insect pests (Sparks et al 2012), such as Diptera (Burns et al 2001), Lepidoptera (Zhao et al 2002), and Thysanoptera (Eger et al 1998). Kamminga et al (2009) reported that spinosad was as effective as lambda-cyhalothrin in laboratory bioassays against C. hilaris and E. servus. Spinosad was also promising against H. halys in our studies, and this material has demonstrated selectivity against the predatory stink bug, Picromerus bidens (L.) (Mahdian et al 2007).…”

“…Organic insecticides may also continue being used in conjunction with other management tactics. To date, very little is known regarding the efficacy of insecticidal materials approved for use in organic farming against H. halys and fewer organic insecticides are available compared with conventional insecticides that have proven effective against other pentatomids (Durmusoglu et al 2003;Trdan et al 2006;Mahdian et al 2007;Kamminga et al 2009). …”

Life History Parameters of <I>Chinavia hilaris</I> (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a Stink Bug Injurious to Pistachios in California

“…Pentatomidae), formerly known as Acrosternum hilare (Say), is native to North America, where it is broadly distributed across the continent , and has been noted as an economic pest of several crops (e.g., Bundy et al 2000, Greene et al 2001, Atanassov et al 2002, Kamminga et al 2009). In California, C. hilaris is one of a group of hemipteran species that cause direct crop damage to pistachio (Bolkan et al 1984, Rice et al 1985, an exotic crop that has increased greatly in crop acreage and value since the 1980s (Anonymous 2010).…”