Toxicity from Arsenic Compounds to Rice on Flooded Soils<sup>1</sup>

Reed, J. Fielding; Sturgis, M. B.

doi:10.2134/agronj1936.00021962002800060003x

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Monomethyl arsenic acid was readily translocated to the shoot, thereby increasing its possibility of affecting rice yield. Furthermore, straighthead is reported to be only a problem in flooded rice cultivation (Atkins, 1974(Atkins, , 1975Reed and Sturgis, 1936). One reason for the high availability of As to flooded rice is thought to be related to the increased solubility of As upon flooding (reduction) of the soil.…”

Section: Seedlings Grown In a Nutrient Solution Containingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of chemical form and concentration of arsenic on rice growth and tissue arsenic concentration

1992

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Arsenic absorption by rice (Oryza sativa, L.) in relation to the chemical form and concentration of arsenic added in nutrient solution was examined. A 4 x 3 x 2 factorial experiment was conducted with treatments consisting of four arsenic chemical forms [arsenite, As(Ill); arsenate, As(V); monomethyl arsenic acid, MMAA; and dimethyl arsenic acid, DMAA], three arsenic concentrations [0.05, 0.2, and 0.8 mg As L-J], and two cultivars [Lemont and Mercury] with a different degree of susceptibility to straighthead, a physiological disease attributed to arsenic toxicity. Two controls, one for each cultivar, were also included. Arsenic phytoavailability and phytotoxicity are determined primarily by the arsenic chemical form present. Application of DMAA increased total dry matter production. While application of As(V) did not affect plant growth, both As(Ill) and MMAA were phytotoxic to rice. Availability of arsenic to rice followed the trend: DMAA < As(V) < MMAA < As(III). Upon absorption, DMAA was readily translocated to the shoot. Arsenic(Ill), As(V), and MMAA accumulated in the roots. With increased arsenic application rates the arsenic shoot/root concentration decreased for the As(Ill) and As(V) treatments. Monomethyl arsenic acid (MMAA), however, was translocated to the shoot upon increased application. The observed differential absorption and translocation of arsenic chemical forms by rice is possibly responsible for the straighthead disorder attributed to arsenic.

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Section: Seedlings Grown In a Nutrient Solution Containingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of chemical form and concentration of arsenic on rice growth and tissue arsenic concentration

1992

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“…growing states such as Mississippi and Arkansas, where it has been used to control outbreaks of the Boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) and as a cotton desiccant (12,13). Awareness of the problems of As on paddy soil fertility started in the early 20th century (14). Morris and Swingle warned of the hazards surrounding the incorporation of arsenical compounds in agricultural soils in 1927, calling it a "dangerous practice" (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Market Basket Survey Shows Elevated Levels of As in South Central U.S. Processed Rice Compared to California: Consequences for Human Dietary Exposure

Williams,

Raab,

Feldmann

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

250

165

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We report the largest market basket survey of arsenic (As) in U.S. rice to date. Our findings show differences in transitional-metal levels between polished and unpolished rice and geographical variation in As and selenium (Se) between rice processed in California and the South Central U.S. The mean and median As grain levels for the South Central U.S. were 0.30 and 0.27 µg As g -1 , respectively, for 107 samples. Levels for California were 41% lower than the South Central U.S., with a mean of 0.17 µg As g -1 and a median of 0.16 µg As g -1 for 27 samples. The mean and median Se grain levels for the South Central U.S. were 0.19 µg Se g -1 . Californian rice levels were lower, averaging only 0.08 and 0.06 µg Se g -1 for mean and median values, respectively. The difference between the two regions was found to be significant for As and Se (General Linear Model (GLM): As p < 0.001; Se p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed in As or Se levels between polished and unpolished rice (GLM: As p ) 0.213; Se p ) 0.113). No significant differences in grain levels of manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), or zinc (Zn) were observed between California and the South Central U.S. Modeling arsenic intake for the U.S. population based on this survey shows that for certain groups (namely Hispanics, Asians, sufferers of Celiac disease, and infants) dietary exposure to inorganic As from elevated levels in rice potentially exceeds the maximum intake of As from drinking water (based on consumption of 1 L of 0.01 mg L -1 In. As) and Californian state exposure limits. Further studies on the transformation of As in soil, grain As bioavailability in the human gastrointestinal tract, and grain elemental speciation trends are critical.

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“…Unsuccessful crop production because of accumulated arsenical residues has occurred in South Carolina (1,7), Louisiana (22), and Washington (27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such soils occur in the cotton belt (1,21,22), orchard growing regions (14,27), and probably wherever arsenicals have been used over a period of years. They are a potential source of arsenic in plant food products.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of Arsenic in the Shoots of Sudan Grass and Bush Bean

Machlis

1941

Plant Physiol.

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Toxicity from Arsenic Compounds to Rice on Flooded Soils¹

Cited by 40 publications

References 1 publication

The influence of chemical form and concentration of arsenic on rice growth and tissue arsenic concentration

The influence of chemical form and concentration of arsenic on rice growth and tissue arsenic concentration

Market Basket Survey Shows Elevated Levels of As in South Central U.S. Processed Rice Compared to California: Consequences for Human Dietary Exposure

Accumulation of Arsenic in the Shoots of Sudan Grass and Bush Bean

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Toxicity from Arsenic Compounds to Rice on Flooded Soils1

Cited by 40 publications

References 1 publication

The influence of chemical form and concentration of arsenic on rice growth and tissue arsenic concentration

The influence of chemical form and concentration of arsenic on rice growth and tissue arsenic concentration

Market Basket Survey Shows Elevated Levels of As in South Central U.S. Processed Rice Compared to California: Consequences for Human Dietary Exposure

Accumulation of Arsenic in the Shoots of Sudan Grass and Bush Bean

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Toxicity from Arsenic Compounds to Rice on Flooded Soils¹