Toxicity of Acetylene Tetrabromide Determined On Experimental Animals

Susceptibility of Newborn Rats to Hepatotoxicity of 1,3-Dibromopropane and 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane, Compared With Young Rats

“…Although hitherto there has been no information on the repeated dose toxicity of DBP, hepatotoxicity with slight centrilobular fatty degeneration or cytoplasmic vacuolization has been already reported for TBE (Hollingsworth et al, 1963;NTP, 1996). The present study showed no effects of either chemical on early development in the newborn, but they caused hepatotoxicity, regardless of sex, in both newborn and young animals.…”

“…Applications of TBE are various as a fire retardant, in oils and fats, in solvents, for ore dressing, and as a reagent for microscopic examination and as a catalyst (Chemical Products' Handbook, 2004). Regarding its toxicity, inhalation exposure to TBE for 180-184 days (7 hr/day, 5 days/week) caused slight edema and congestion in lungs and slight centrilobular fatty degeneration in the livers of mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits at an average concentration of 4 ppm (Hollingsworth et al, 1963). Gavage studies for 3 weeks using F344/N male rats have been conducted on many halogenated ethanes to examine renal toxicity, but all rats administered TBE (214 mg/kg/day and more) died or were killed on becoming moribund by dosing Day 11 (NTP, 1996).…”

Efficacy and Safety of Ethylene Oxide Sterilization of Allogeneic Bone for Human Transplantation: A Forty-year Experience

“…By 1969, its virucidal effect was shown against hepatitis virus [19][20]. In the four decades after the discovery of its bacteriocidal effect during which EO was used as an industrial fumigant, the toxic effects of this substance and its reaction products in tissue, ethylene chlorohydrin (EC), and ethylene glycol (EG), were reported in organs and tissues [11,[21][22][23][24][25][26]. By the mid-1970s, sporadic papers had reported the use of EO in the sterilization of bone and dura mater, but no studies had validated its diffusion into and out of tissues, nor had demonstrated its effectiveness in destroying surface and interstitial microorganisms, nor had reported the removal of EO, EC, and EG toxic residues after tissue processing [14][15][16][17][27][28][29].…”

Testicular Damage Caused by Inhalation of Ethylene Oxide in Rats: Light and Electron Microscopic Studies

“…Hollingsworth et al (26) described a decrease of testicular weight and fibrous replacement of the seminiferous tubules in guinea pigs exposed to 357 ppm EtO for 176 days, and slight degeneration of a few tubules in rats exposed to 204 ppm EtO for days. On the other hand, Snellings et al (53) stated that there were no microscopic findings that could explain a decrease of testicular weight in mice exposed to 100 and 250 ppm EtO for 10 weeks.…”

“…EtO neurotoxicity in humans (24), alteration of locomotive activities in rats, rabbits, monkeys (26), and mice (5 3), and histopathological changes in the central and peripheral nerves of rats (38) have been reported.…”